Istinbāṭ Method of Tablighi Students In Pesantren Temboro: Textual and Contextual Matter
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Abstract
This article discusses istinbāṭ (the way to absorb law from the primary sources) of fiqh (Islamic law) by Tablighi students (santri) at Pesantren Temboro, Magetan, East Java in baḥth al-masā’il forum that is a forum for discussing Islamic law problems. The exciting thing about this study is Temboro Tablighi students as a traditionalist group known as the traditional Islamic community and the followers of Jamaah Tabligh. The questions are: What are the types of Islamic thought and the kinds of istinbāṭ used by Tablighi students? Is the istinbāṭ in the baḥth al-masā’il forum the same as that of other students of traditional Pesantrens in Indonesia or not? This article answers those research questions not only to analyze how Tablighi students apply the istinbāṭ model in their forum but also to analyze the baḥth al-masā’il products. This study is based on scoped library research i.e. the results of baḥth al-masā’il published in Tablighi students’ magazines during 2018, such as Al-Madinah, Al-Maktabah, Humairo, and Tranqil. One of the teachers involved in the forum is interviewed to clarify and get more detailed information. The study results show that the istinbāṭ method of Tablighi students, in general, is the same as other traditional students in other pesantrens that only apply the qauliyyah method (using ulemas’ arguments written in classical books called Kitab Kuning). This study contributes significantly to how Tablighi santri of the Pesantren Temboro remain conserving a traditional scholarship knowledge (turats) with contextualization limitedly on some cases.
Kajian ini mendiskusikan tentang istinbat hukum Islam atau fiqh dalam komunitas santri Tablighi di Pesantren Temboro, Magetan Jawa Timur dalam forum bahthul masail, forum yang mengkaji persoalan-persoalan hukum Islam. Hal yang menarik dari kajian ini adalah tradisionalisme santri Tablighi di Temboro yang dikenal sebagai komunitas santri salaf dan penganut Jamaah Tabligh. Pertanyaan adalah bagaimana model pemikiran hukum dan seperti apa metode istinbat yang mereka gunakan? Apakah metode istinbat hukum dalam forum bahtsul masail santri Tablighi sama dengan santri pesantren tradisional lainnya ataukah berbeda? Artikel ini menjawab pertanyaan tersebut bukan hanya untuk menganalisa bagaimana santri mengaplilasikan model istinbat hukum dalam forum bahthul masail, tetapi juga menganalisa produk-produk bahthul masail tersebut. Artikel ini didasarkan pada kajian kepustakaan terbatas, yakni hasil-hasil bahtsul masail yang dimuat dalam majalah santri-satri Temboro dalam kurun waktu tahun 2018, seperti Majalah Al-Madinah, Al-Maktabah, Humairo, and Tranqil. Salah satu ustadz yang terlibat dalam forum tersebut diwawancara untuk mendapatkan informasi yang lebih detail. Hasilnya, metode istinbat hukum santri Tablighi Pesantren Temboro secara umum sama dengan santri pesantren tradisional lainnya dan terbatas pada aplikasi metode qauliyyah (menggunakan pendapat para ulama yang terdapat dalam kitab klasik yang dikenal dengan kitab kuning). Kajian ini berkontribusi secara signifikan terhadap bagaimana santri Tabligh di Pesantren Temboro teguh melestarikan keilmuan tradisional (turats) dengan kontekstualisasi yang terbatas pada beberapa kasus.
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