The Sociology of Knowledge in Pesantren: Sanad, Sorogan-Bandongan, and the Making of Intellectual Authority
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21154/altahrir.v25i2.10952Keywords:
Islamic boarding schools; Islamic intellectuals; The Yellow Book; Scientific Transmission; Ulama NetworkAbstract
Pesantren intellectuals played an important role in the history of Islamic civilization in the archipelago, acting as a place to preserve and develop Islamic science from the first kings in the modern period. This research uses qualitative methods with a sociology of knowledge approach. This approach is combined with a historical-sociological perspective. This combination allows the research not only to describe the practices of knowledge transmission but also to uncover the social structures and epistemological meanings that underpin the legitimacy of ulama and the intellectual networks of Pesantren. This research aims to provide a complete image of four main directions: The intellectual network of Pesantrens, the Intellectual discourse that is built, the mechanism of knowledge dissemination and the network of scholars are formed. First, the intellectual scope of the pesantren is understood as the history of institutions that combine the tradition of the golden book, practice sulfur and local social dynamics, thus creating unique Intellectual habits. Second, the Intellectual discourse of Pesantrens is carried out through research programs based on Nadhir, Syarah and Hasyiah, where the process of Tarjih and Takhrij encourages internal criticism while maintaining the authenticity of the Sanad. Third, the dissemination of knowledge occurs by the personal relationship between the methods of Kyai and Santri, Bandongan, Sorogan and Halaqah, strengthened by the Sanad Diploma; This model results in a structured and sustainable community of researchers. Fourth, the network of pesantren transcends geographical boundaries, formed by the activities of Santri in Islamic research centers in the Middle East and once again distributing new domestic knowledge and methods, creating a transnational network. Adaptive distribution and network models reinforce the role of considering maintaining the continuity of Islamic science and expanding its effects on a global scale.
Downloads
References
Abdullah, Cholid. “Tradisi Pesantren Sebagai Pusat Peradaban Muslim Nusantara.” Al-A’raf Jurnal Pemikiran Islam Dan Filsafat XI, no. 2 (2014): 18–38.
Ahmad Sulton. “The Educational Epistemology Of Traditional Pesantren.” TADRIS: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 17, no. 2 (2022): 380–94. https://doi.org/10.19105/tjpi.v17i2.7044.
Ardiansyah, Muhammad. “Kitab Kuning Dan Konstruk Nalar Pesantren.” Al’adalah 22, no. 2 (2021): 146–57. https://doi.org/10.35719/aladalah.v22i2.18.
Asyari, Abul Hasan Al. “Tantangan Sistem Pendidikan Pesantren Di Era Modern.” Risalatuna: Journal of Pesantren Studies 2, no. 1 (2022): 127. https://doi.org/10.54471/rjps.v2i1.1572.
Azra, Azyumardi. The Origins Of Islamic Reformism In Southeast Asia: Networks Of Malay-Indonesian And Middle. University of Hawai’i Press. Hawai: University of Hawai’i Press, 2004.
Bahwi, Habibullah. “Peran Intelektual Pesantren Indonesia Dan Hauzah Iran.” KARSA: Journal of Social and Islamic Culture 20, no. 1 (2012): 140–51. http://www.ejournal.stainpamekasan.ac.id/index.php/karsa/article/view/58.
Berger, Peter L. The Social Construction of Reality. Penguin Book. New Zealand: Penguin Book, 1966. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315775357.
Bourdieu, Pierre. The Forms of Capital. ” in Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education. Edited by J. G. Richardson. Greenwood Press. New York: Greenwood Press, 1986.
———. “THE FORMS OF CAPITAL.” The Sociology of Economic Life, Third Edition, 2018, 1–543. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429494338.
Bruinessen, Martin van. “Traditionalist and Islamist Pesantrens in Contemporary Indonesia.” The Madrasa in Asia, 2019, 217–46. https://doi.org/10.1515/9789048501380-010.
Bruinessen, Martin Van. “Kitab Kuning, Pesantren Dan Tarekat, Yogyakarta.” Gading Publishing, 2012, 592.
Castells, Mariana C. The Rise of The Network Society. Edited by Mariana C. Castells. Wiley Blackwell. Vol. I. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-951-2.
Dhofier, Zamakhsyari. The Pesantren Tradition: The Role of the Kyai in the Maintenance of Traditional Islam in Java, 1980.
———. Tradisi Pesantren: Studi Pandangan Hidup Kyai Dan Visinya Mengenai Masa Depan Indonesia. 8th ed. Jakarta: LP3ES, 2011.
Farhanudin, Ahmad, and Muhajir Muhajir. “Peran Kitab Kuning Dalam Pembentukan Pemikiran Pendidikan Islam Dan Karakter Santri Pada Pesantren Tradisional (Studi Di Pondok Pesantren Bany Syafi’i Cilegon Dan Madarijul ’Ulum Serang).” Jurnal Qathruna 7, no. 1 (2020): 103–24.
Fawaidah, Fawaidah hasanah. “Lingkaran Keilmuan Ulama Pesantren Abad 17-18 (Analisis Buku Jaringan Ulama Timur Tengah Dan Kepulauan Nusantara Abad 17-18 Karya Prof. Azyumardi Azra ).” Tafhim Al-’Ilmi 14, no. 2 (2023): 310–20. https://doi.org/10.37459/tafhim.v14i2.6456.
H, Darmawati. “Persepsi Komunitas Pesantren Terhadap Program Studi Aqidah Dan Filsafat Islam.” Sulesana 15, no. 1 (2021).
Haas, Peter M. “Epistemic Communities Introduction.” International Organization 46, no. 1 (1992): 1–35. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2706951 .
Hak, Nurul; Maharsi. Melacak Transmisi Keilmuan Pesantren Studi Atas Kajian Kitab Kuning, Hubungan Kiai-Santri Dan Genealogi Pesantren Salafiyah Di Jawa Barat. Jakarta: Direktorat Pendidikan Diniyah Dan Pondok Pesantren Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Islam Kementerian Agama RI, 2022.
Hak, Nurul. “The Islamic Intellectual Network Between Nusantara And Central Asia In The 19th And 20th Century: An In-Depth Analysis Of Intellectual Traces, Genealogy And Knowledge Transfer.” Islamic History and Literature 2, no. 2 (May 3, 2024): 92–107. https://doi.org/10.62476/ihl22.92.
Hak, Nurul, Maharsi, Imam Muhsin, Muhammad Wildan, Musa, Siti Maimunah, Riswinarno, Fathiyah, and Herawati. Melacak Transmisi Keilmuwan Pesantren. Yogyakarta: Semesta Aksara, 2021. https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/57669/.
Hak, Nurul, Abdul Mustaqim, Ahmad Baidhowi, Salahudin, and Saefuddin Zuhri. Genealogi Dan Jaringan Keilmuan Pesantren Modern: Di Banten, Jawa Tengah Dan Jawa Timur. Semesta Aksara, 2023.
Hanif, Muhammad, Mukroji, H. Suwito, Afiq Chamim Mubaroq, and Abu Dharin. “Pesantren Resistance To Indonesia’S National Curriculum To Defend Its Curriculum Model.” Revista de Gestao Social e Ambiental 18, no. 7 (2024): 1–32. https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n7-049.
Hefner, R. W. “Islamic Education in the Digital Age.” Comparative Education Review 64, no. 4 (2020).
Herman, DM. “Sejarah Pesantren Di Indonesia.” Al-Ta’dib 6, no. 2 (2013): 145–58.
Irhamsyah, Fahmi, and Maria Ulfaj Anshor. “Kontribusi Gerakan Sosial Nahdlatul Ulama (NU)Dalam Isu Gender Dam Pemberdayaan Perempuan Di Indonesia.” The International Journal of PEGON 11 (2023): 1–28.
Jamaluddin, Muhammad. “Metamorfosis Pesantren Di Era Globalisasi.” Karsa: Journal of Social and Islamic Culture, 2012, 127–39. https://doi.org/10.19105/karsa.v20i1.57.
Latief, Juraid Abdul. “Pesantren: Peran Dan Kontribusi Dalam Melahirkan Intektual Islam Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Kreatif Online 9, no. 1 (2021): 16–22. http://jurnal.fkip.untad.ac.id/index.php/jko/article/view/767.
Ma’rufi, Anwar, Saifudin, Khorun Nisa’, and Muhajir. “Burhani Epistemology in The Scientific Development of Contemporary Pesantren.” Tafkir: Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Education 5, no. 2 (2024): 301–14. https://doi.org/10.31538/tijie.v5i2.937.
Mahfudloh, Ririn Inayatul. “Peran Sanad Keilmuan Dalam Pengembangan Pondok Pesantren.” Qomaruna 1, no. 1 (2023): 23–30. https://doi.org/10.62048/qjms.v1i1.7.
Malik, Abdul. “New Variants of Ultra-Conservative Islamic Schools in Indonesia: A Study on Islamic School Endeavor with Islamic Group Movement.” Power and Education 16, no. 1 (2024): 14–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/17577438231163042.
Maryati, Sri. “Islamic Intellectual Traditions and Their Relevance to Educational Institutions in Indonesia.” Sustainable Jurnal Kajian Mutu Pendidikan 6, no. 2 (2023): 643–49. https://doi.org/10.32923/kjmp.v6i2.4077.
Misbah, Ahmad, and Bahru Rozi. “Sejarah Pesantren Dan Tradisi Keilmuannya Di Jawa.” Al-Jadwa: Jurnal Studi Islam 1, no. 2 (March 5, 2022): 83–96. https://doi.org/10.38073/aljadwa.v1i2.796.
Mochammad Achsan Auza’. “Pengkajian Kitab Kuning Sebagai Tonggak Keilmuan Di Pondok Al Utsmani Mochammad.” INTEGRATIA: Journal of Education, Human Development, and Community Engagement 1, no. 2 (2023): 181–92.
Mu`ammar. “Pilar-Pilar Peradaban Pesantren; Potret Potensi Dan Peran Pesantren Sebagai Pusat Peradaban.” Jurnal Madaniyah VII, no. 2 (2014): 259–76.
Muhyiddin, Alfi Qonita Badi’ati dan Ahmad Shofi. “Pesantren and Islamic Transmission (Sanad) of Science.” Proceeding of Iconie IAIN Pekalongan, 2021, 1–10.
Nabila, Aghni Zakiatun, Ahmad Farid, Siti Zuflihatul Magfiroh, Nur Zhafirah Hafizhah, and Maulida Nisaul Khomsah. “21st Century Skills Development in Modern Pesantren.” Journal of Multidisciplinary Sustainability Asean 1, no. 3 (2024): 11–17. https://doi.org/10.70177/ijmsa.v1i3.1124.
Nata, Abuddin. “Pengembangan Epistemologi Kaum Intelektual Muslim.” Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Ta’dibuna 12, no. 4 (2023): 350–82. https://doi.org/10.32832/tadibuna.v12i4.14791.
Nawawi, Syekh, Al-bantani Syekh, Imron Nur Syafaat, Abdul Mutholib, and Abdul Rouf Al-majid. “Intelektualisme Pesantren ; Studi Geneologi Dan Jaringan” 4, no. 1 (2024).
Nia Indah Purnamasari. “Konstruksi Sistem Pendidikan Pesantren Tradisional Di Era Global: Paradoks Dan Relevansi.” EL-BANAT: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Pendidikan Islam 6, no. 2 (2016): 73–91. http://ejournal.kopertais4.or.id/susi/index.php/elbanat/article/view/2883.
Noor, Firman. “Pesantren, Sustainability, and Interfaith Dialogue in Indonesia.” Journal of Islamic Studies, 2021.
Otta, Yusno Abdullah. “Dinamisasi Tradisi Islam Di Era Globalisasi: Studi Atas Tradisi Keagamaan Kampung Jawa Tondano.” Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif 10, no. 1 (2016): 85–114. https://doi.org/10.14421/jsr.v10i1.1153.
Purwaningtyas, Dhita, and Muhamad Syauqillah. “Indonesian Transnational Community in the Middle East: The Case of Gontor Alumni Association,” 2020, 432–43. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.6-11-2019.2297301.
Qodir, Abdul. “Transmisi Keilmuan Univeritas Al-Azhar Mesir Dan Pondok Pesantren Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Tamaddun : Jurnal Sejarah Dan Kebudayaan Islam 9, no. 1 (2021). https://doi.org/10.24235/tamaddun.v9i1.7280.
Ruhdiyanto, Didit, Badru Sohim, Shaleh Afif, Novi Ardilah, and Syeha Bagja Ubaydillah. “Peran Kiai Dalam Pembinaan Akhlak Santri Di Pondok Pesantren Pagelaran III.” JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan 7, no. 3 (2024): 2638–44. https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v7i3.4037.
Saini, Mukhamat. “Pesantren Dalam Era Digital : Antara Tradisi Dan Transformasi.” Tasamuh: Jurnal Studi Islam 16, no. 2 (2024): 342–56. https://doi.org/10.25124/cosecant.v2i2.18657.2.
Satria, Rangga. “Intelektual Pesantren: Mempertahankan Tradisi Ditengah Modernitas.” Turast: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengabdian 7, no. 2 (2019): 185. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15548/turast.v7i2.1301.
Sholihah, Ummu. “Peran Ict Dalam Modernisasi Pendidikan Pondok Pesantren.” Cendekia: Jurnal Kependidikan Dan Kemasyarakatan 10, no. 1 (2012): 15. https://doi.org/10.21154/cendekia.v10i1.399.
Suhendra, Ahmad. “Transmisi Keilmuan Pada Era Milenial Melalui Tradisi Sanadan Di Pondok Pesantren Al-Hasaniyah.” Jurnal SMART (Studi Masyarakat, Religi, Dan Tradisi) 5, no. 2 (2019): 201–12. https://doi.org/10.18784/smart.v5i2.859.
Susilo, Agus Agus, and Ratna Wulansari. “Sejarah Pesantren Sebagai Lembaga Pendidikan Islam Di Indonesia.” Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan Dan Sastra Islam 20, no. 2 (2020): 83–96. https://doi.org/10.19109/tamaddun.v20i2.6676.
Syarif Firdaus, Dzulkifli Hadi Imawan. “Ulama Nusantara Abad KE-19: Masa Penjajahan Dan Puncak Intelektual Haramain.” Al-Hikmah: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama 10, no. 2 (2024): 95–113. http://journal.um-surabaya.ac.id/index.php/Ah.
Ulya, Faizatul, and Khoirun Nikmah. “Upaya Pesantren Dalam Menjaga Tradisi Sanad Keilmuan Di Era Society 5.0.” Jurnal Mudarrisuna: Media Kajian Pendidikan Agama Islam 14, no. 1 (2024): 18. https://doi.org/10.22373/jm.v14i1.20668.
Usman, Muhammad Idris. “Pesantren Sebagai Lembaga Pendidikan Islam.” Al Hikmah 14, no. 1 (2013): 101–19.
———. “Pesantren Sebagai Lembaga Pendidikan Islam (Sejarah Lahir, Sistem Pendidikan, Dan Perkembangannya Masa Kini).” Jurnal Al Hikmah XIV, no. 1 (2013): 101–19.
Wahid, D. “Pesantren and Digital Islam in Indonesia.” Studia Islamika 29, no. 1 (2022).
Yusuf, Mohamad Yasin. “Pesantren Sains: Epistemology of Islamic Science in Teaching System.” Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan 23, no. 2 (2015): 283. https://doi.org/10.21580/ws.23.2.280.
Zuboff, Shoshana. The Age of Surveillance Capitalism. PublicAffairs. Vol. 5, 2019. www.publicaffairsbooks.com @Public_Affairs.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Indrawan Cahyadi, Ahmad Yunani, Muhammad Dachlan, Ahmad Suhendra
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Please find the rights and licenses in Al-Tahrir. By submitting the article/manuscript of the article, the author(s) agree with this policy. No specific document sign-off is required.
1. License
The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
2. Author(s)' Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author(s), has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author(s).
3. User/Public Rights
Al-Tahrir's spirit is to disseminate articles published are as free as possible. Under the Creative Commons license, Al-Tahrir permits users to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work for non-commercial purposes only. Users will also need to attribute authors and Al-Tahrir on distributing works in the journal and other media of publications. Unless otherwise stated, the authors are public entities as soon as their articles got published.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain all their rights to the published works, such as (but not limited to) the following rights;
- Copyright and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
- The right to use the substance of the article in own future works, including lectures and books,
- The right to reproduce the article for own purposes,
- The right to self-archive the article,
- The right to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the article's published version (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal (Al-Tahrir).
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was jointly prepared by more than one author, any authors submitting the manuscript warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to be agreed on this copyright and license notice (agreement) on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this policy. Al-Tahrir will not be held liable for anything that may arise due to the author(s) internal dispute. Al-Tahrir will only communicate with the corresponding author.
6. Royalties
Being an open accessed journal and disseminating articles for free under the Creative Commons license term mentioned, author(s) aware that Al-Tahrir entitles the author(s) to no royalties or other fees.
7. Miscellaneous
Al-Tahrir will publish the article (or have it published) in the journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed. Al-Tahrir's editors may modify the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization, referencing and usage that deems appropriate. The author acknowledges that the article may be published so that it will be publicly accessible and such access will be free of charge for the readers as mentioned in point 3.
