Conflict Resolution Based on Malay "Tunjuk Ajar" (Traditional Guidance) in Addressing Community Conflicts Among the Malay People in Riau Province

Authors

  • Ryan Prayogi Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
  • Kokom Komalasari Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
  • Rahmat Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
  • Iim Siti Masyitoh Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
  • Bunyamin Maftuh Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
  • Elly Malihah Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
  • Ryan Prayogi Universitas Pasir Pengaraian

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21154/asanka.v7i1.14178

Keywords:

Conflict Resolution, Malay Tunjuk Ajar, Civic Education, Deliberation

Abstract

This study contributes theoretically to conflict resolution and Civic Education by demonstrating how local wisdom can operationalize deliberative democracy principles in multicultural settings. Employing a qualitative descriptive design with 15 purposively selected participants, the research explores conflict resolution based on the Malay "Tunjuk Ajar" among the Malay people in Riau Province. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and literature review. The principal findings reveal that conflict resolution is operationalized through "duduk berundiang" to achieve consensus, facilitated by the Riau Malay Customary Institution. The process predominantly employs integrating, compromising, and obliging conflict management styles, embodying the core values of deliberation, consensus, truth, justice, responsibility, and social concern. The novelty lies in its explicit integration of Malay Tunjuk Ajar with Civic Education frameworks, linking customary deliberation to Pancasila's democratic principles and to the development of civic competence. Practically, this study provides a culturally grounded model for conflict resolution that can complement formal legal mechanisms and inform Civic Education curricula on multicultural citizenship.

References

Adlini, M. N., Dinda, A. H., Yulinda, S., Chotimah, O., & Merliyana, S. J. (2022). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif Studi Pustaka. Jurnal Pendidikan: Edumaspul, 6(1), 974–980.

Akinwale, A. A. (2010). Integrating the traditional and the modern conflict management strategies in Nigeria. African Journal on Conflict Resolution, 10(3), 123–146.

Almond, G. A., & Verba, S. (1963). The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations. Princeton University Press.

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2023). Statistik Kriminal Indonesia 2023. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2023). Statistik Pemuda Indonesia 2023. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.

Banks, J. A. (2017). An Introduction to Multicultural Education (6th ed.). Pearson.

Bourchier, D. (2019). Two Decades of Indonesian Democracy: A Review Essay. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 49(3), 486–505.

Braithwaite, J. (2002). Restorative Justice and Responsive Regulation. Oxford University Press.

Bush, R. A. B., & Folger, J. P. (2005). The Promise of Mediation: The Transformative Approach to Conflict. Jossey-Bass.

Creswell, W. J., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (Fifth, Vol. 53, Issue 9). SAGE Publications.

Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Cushner, K. (2012). Human Diversity in Education: An Integrative Approach (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill.

Dryzek, J. S. (2000). Deliberative Democracy and Beyond: Liberals, Critics, Contestations. Oxford University Press.

Effendy, T. (2004). Pemakaian ungkapan dalam Upacara Perkawinan Orang Melayu. Yogyakarta: Balai Kajian dan Pengembangan Budaya Melayu.

Effendy, T. (2006). Tunjuk Ajar Melayu. Yogyakarta: Balai Kajian dan Pengembangan Budaya Melayu.

Elechi, O. O., Morris, V. C., Schauer, E. J., & Schauer, B. L. (2003). Restoring justice (Ubuntu): An African perspective. International Criminal Justice Review, 13(1), 73–85. https://doi.org/10.1177/1057567703252662

Fajarini, U. (2014). Potret Konflik Keagamaan Masyarakat Tangerang Banten Dan Resolusi Konflik Berbasis Multikulturalisme Dalam Islam. Al-Tahrir: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam, 14(2), 341-358. https://doi.org/10.21154/al-tahrir.v14i2.76.

Gutmann, A., & Thompson, D. (2004). Why Deliberative Democracy? Princeton University Press.

Habermas, J. (1996). Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy. MIT Press.

Istiqomah, A., & Widiyanto, D. (2020). Resolusi Konflik Berbasis Budaya Tionghoa Dan Jawa di Surakarta. Jurnal Civics: Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan, 17(1), 40–49. Https://Doi.Org/10.21831/Jc.V17i1.28754.

Jaka Ferdian, K. (2017). Model Resolusi Konflik Kawasan Register 45 Mesuji Lampung Berbasis Hutan Tanaman Rakyat. Politika: Jurnal Ilmu Politik, 8(1), 92. Https://Doi.Org/10.14710/Politika.8.1.2017.92-102.

Jati, W. R. (2013). Kearifan Lokal Sebagai Resolusi Konflik Keagamaan. Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan, 21(2), 393–416. https://doi.org/10.21580/ws.21.2.251

Jones, Pip. (2009). Pengantar Teori-Teori Sosial dari Teori Fungsionalisme hingga post-modernisme, terj., Achmad Fedyani Saifuddin. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.

Kartodirjo, S. (1977). Pemahaman Sejarah Indonesia Sebelum dan Sesudah Revolusi. Gramedia.

Komalasari, K. (2017). Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan: Konsep dan Implementasi. Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.

Lewis, T., & Umbreit, M. (2015). A humanistic approach to mediation and dialogue: An evolving transformative practice. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 33(1), 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.21130

Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. SAGE Publications.

Marlina. (2020). Nilai Kearifan Lokal Dalam Tunjuk Ajar Melayu Karya Tennas Effendy. Jurnal Diksi. 28(2). 199-209. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/diksi.v28i2.33132.

Mas’udi. (2015). Akar-Akar Teori Konflik: Dialektika Konflik; Core Perubahan Sosial dalam Pandangan Karl Marx dan George Simmel. Jurnal Fikrah: jurnal ilmu aqidah dan studi keagamaan. 3(1), 177-200. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/fikrah.v3i1.1832.

Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2016). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass.

Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis, A Methods, Sourcebook. Edition 3. Sage Publications.

Musa, E. (2017). Sistem Hukum Adat Melayu. Jurnal Islam dan Masyarakat, 2(1), 43-58.

Nasa, R., & Nuwa, G. (2022). Resolusi konflik berbasis kearifan lokal dalam kehidupan etnis Sikka Krowe. EDUKATIF: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 4(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v4i1.1720

Nauri, N. M., & Fatmawati, F. (2022). Implementasi Kearifan Lokal Gusjigang dalam Perspektif Pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Pada Pondok Al Mawadah Kudus. Jurnal Asanka, 3(2), 234-245. https://doi.org/10.21154/asanka.v3i2.4671

Njatrijani, R. (2018). Kearifan lokal dalam perspektif budaya Kota Semarang. Gema Keadilan, 5(1), 16–31. https://doi.org/10.14710/gk.2018.3580

Parker, W. C. (2003). Teaching Democracy: Unity and Diversity in Public Life. Teachers College Press.

Pruitt, D. G., & Rubin, J. Z. (1986). Social Conflict: Escalation, Stalemate, and Settlement. Random House.

Rahim, M. A. (2002). Toward a Theory of Managing Organizational Conflict. The International Journal of Conflict Management, 13(3), 206-235.

Ramadhani, R., & Asista, P. (2025). Ruwah Eid Tradition (Study of Local Wisdom as a Strategy for Unifying Multicultural Societies in West Bangka). Jurnal Asanka, 6(1), 185-189. https://doi.org/10.21154/asanka.v6i1.9956

Sandelowski, M. (2000). Whatever happened to qualitative description? Research in Nursing & Health, 23(4), 334–340. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-240X(200008)23:4<334::AID-NUR9>3.0.CO;2-G

Sapriya. (2018). Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan: Teori dan Praktik. Remaja Rosdakarya.

Sen, A. (1999). Development as Freedom. Anchor Books.

Sibarani, R. (2012). Kearifan Lokal Hakikat, Peran, dan Metode Tradisi Lisan. Jakarta: Asosiasi Tradisi Lisan.

Sithole, P. (2015). Indigenous Conflict Resolution in Africa. African Journal of Conflict Resolution, 15(2), 9-32.

Sugiyono (2019). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alphabet.

Suprapto. (2013). Revitalisasi Nilai-Nilai Kearifan Lokal Bagi Upaya Resolusi Konflik. Jurnal Walisongo. 21(1), 19-38. https://doi.org/10.21580/ws.21.1.235.

Thomas, K. W., & Kilmann, R. H. (1974). Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument. XICOM.

Tripayana, I. N. A., Bestari, P., Malihah, E., Syaifullah, Handayani, N., Artinah, F., & Nikmah, K. (2024). Ecological Citizenship: Pelestarian Lingkungan Masyarakat Adat Berbasis Kearifan Lokal. Jurnal Asanka, 5(1), 79-89. https://doi.org/10.21154/asanka.v5i1.9545

Tully, J. (2000). The Struggles of Indigenous Peoples for and of Freedom. In Political Theory and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, 36-50.

Umam, K. (2012). Manajemen Konflik dalam Organisasi. Pustaka Setia.

Westheimer, J., & Kahne, J. (2004). What Kind of Citizen? The Politics of Educating for Democracy. American Educational Research Journal, 41(2), 237-269.

Winataputra, U. S. (2016). Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan dalam Perspektif Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan. Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.

Zehr, H. (2015). The Little Book of Restorative Justice. Good Books.

Downloads

Published

2026-07-15

Issue

Section

Articles