Kebijakan Afirmatif 2% bagi Penyandang Disabilitas dalam Rekrutmen ASN: Telaah Kesetaraan Substantif Perspektif Maqāṣid al-Syarī‘ah

Abstract

Abstract: The 2% affirmative action quota for persons with disabilities in the recruitment of Civil Servants (ASN) is a legal instrument designed to address inequality and promote fairer employment opportunities. However, the normative existence of the quota does not necessarily guarantee substantive equality, as barriers remain in access to information and available positions, the selection process, reasonable accommodation, and the creation of an inclusive working environment. This study aims to analyze the legal construction of the 2% affirmative action policy in ASN recruitment and assess its effectiveness in realizing substantive equality from the perspective of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. This study employs normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches. The analysis examines the relationship between affirmative action, the merit system, substantive equality, and al-Syatibi’s concept of al-ḍarūriyyāt al-khamsah. The findings show that the 2% quota has a strong legal basis and is not contrary to the merit system. Affirmative action is instead necessary to ensure that persons with disabilities have a genuine opportunity to demonstrate their qualifications and competencies. Nevertheless, its implementation has not fully achieved substantive equality because the fulfillment of the quota is not always accompanied by appropriate job positions, accessibility, reasonable accommodation, assessment based on actual abilities, and an inclusive working environment. From the perspective of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, the policy is consistent with the pursuit of public benefit through the protection of life, intellect, lineage, and property, as well as the principles of jalb al-maṣāliḥ and dar’ al-mafāsid. Therefore, the 2% quota should not be understood as an exception to the merit system, but as a mechanism for ensuring a fairer and more substantive application of merit for persons with disabilities.

Keywords: Affirmative Action; Persons with Disabilities; Civil Servant Recruitment; Substantive Equality; Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah.

Abstrak:Kebijakan afirmatif kuota 2% bagi penyandang disabilitas dalam rekrutmen Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) merupakan instrumen hukum untuk mengoreksi ketidaksetaraan dan mewujudkan kesempatan kerja yang lebih adil. Namun, keberadaan kuota secara normatif belum sepenuhnya menjamin terwujudnya kesetaraan substantif karena masih ditemukan hambatan dalam akses informasi dan formasi, proses seleksi, penyediaan akomodasi yang layak, serta lingkungan kerja yang inklusif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konstruksi hukum kebijakan afirmatif 2% dalam rekrutmen ASN dan menilai efektivitasnya dalam mewujudkan kesetaraan substantif perspektif maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Analisis dilakukan dengan menghubungkan kebijakan afirmatif, sistem merit, kesetaraan substantif, dan konsep al-ḍarūriyyāt al-khamsah dalam pemikiran al-Syatibi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kuota 2% memiliki dasar hukum yang kuat dan tidak bertentangan dengan sistem merit. Afirmasi justru diperlukan untuk memastikan penyandang disabilitas memperoleh kesempatan yang nyata dalam menunjukkan kompetensinya. Namun, implementasinya belum sepenuhnya mencapai kesetaraan substantif karena pemenuhan kuota belum selalu diikuti kesesuaian formasi, aksesibilitas, akomodasi yang layak, penilaian berdasarkan kemampuan aktual, dan lingkungan kerja yang inklusif. Dalam perspektif maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, kebijakan tersebut sejalan dengan orientasi kemaslahatan melalui perlindungan jiwa, akal, keturunan, dan harta serta prinsip jalb al-maṣāliḥ dan dar’ al-mafāsid. Dengan demikian, kuota 2% perlu dipahami bukan sebagai pengecualian terhadap sistem merit, melainkan sebagai mekanisme untuk mewujudkan penerapan merit yang lebih adil dan substantif bagi penyandang disabilitas.   Kata kunci: Kebijakan Afirmatif; Penyandang Disabilitas; Rekrutmen ASN; Kesetaraan Substantif; Maqāṣid al-Syarī‘ah.