Analisis Politik Hukum dan Maslahah Mursalah Terhadap Perpanjangan Masa Jabatan Kepala Desa dalam Undang-Undang nomor 3 Tahun 2024 Tentang Desa
Abstract
Abstract: The extension of the village head's term in Law Number 3 of 2024 has caused debate in various perspectives, both in terms of legal politics, democracy, and maṣlaḥah mursalah in Islamic law. This study aims to analyze the legal, sociological, and philosophical implications of the policy and review its impact on the stability of village governance, development effectiveness, and leadership accountability. The research method used is a normative approach with qualitative analysis of laws and regulations and literature studies. The results of the analysis show that although extending the term of office can increase the stability of the village government and budget efficiency, this policy has the potential to weaken the principles of democracy, restriction of power, and leadership regeneration. From the perspective of Maṣlaḥah Mursalah, this policy is more likely to cause harm than maslahat, especially in terms of potential oligarchy and abuse of power. Therefore, stricter supervision and periodic evaluation mechanisms are needed so that this policy continues to run in accordance with the principles of democracy and the welfare of the village community.
Keywords: Extension of term of office; Village Chief, Legal Politics, Maṣlaḥah Mursalah, Democracy
Abstrak: Perpanjangan masa jabatan kepala desa dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2024 menimbulkan perdebatan dalam berbagai perspektif, baik dari segi politik hukum, demokrasi, maupun maṣlaḥah mursalah dalam hukum Islam. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implikasi yuridis, sosiologis, dan filosofis dari kebijakan tersebut serta meninjau dampaknya terhadap stabilitas pemerintahan desa, efektivitas pembangunan, dan akuntabilitas kepemimpinan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan normatif dengan analisis kualitatif terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur mengenai masa jabatan kepala desa. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa meskipun perpanjangan masa jabatan dapat meningkatkan stabilitas pemerintahan desa dan efisiensi anggaran, kebijakan ini berpotensi melemahkan prinsip demokrasi, pembatasan kekuasaan, dan regenerasi kepemimpinan. Dari perspektif Maṣlaḥah Mursalah, kebijakan ini lebih cenderung menimbulkan mudharat dibandingkan maslahat, terutama dalam hal potensi oligarki dan penyalahgunaan kekuasaan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengawasan yang lebih ketat serta mekanisme evaluasi berkala agar kebijakan ini tetap berjalan sesuai dengan prinsip demokrasi dan kesejahteraan masyarakat desa.
Kata Kunci: Perpanjangan Masa Jabatan, Kepala Desa, Politik Hukum, Maṣlaḥah Mursalah, Demokrasi
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