Reconstructing the Concept of Baitul Mal as the Foundation of the Islamic Welfare State
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21154/etihad.v6i1.14725Keywords:
Baitul Mal, Islamic Welfare State, Islamic Public Finance, Redistribution Welfare.Abstract
Introduction: This study examines the concept of Baitul Mal as a foundation of the Islamic welfare state by reconstructing the thought of Rif'at al-Sayyid al-'Awadhi and examining its relevance to modern public financial management. Research Methods: This study employs a qualitative library research approach. Min al-Turāth al-Iqtiṣādī lil-Muslimīn by Rif'at al-Sayyid al-'Awadhi serves as the primary source, supported by classical and contemporary Islamic economics literature. Data were analyzed using content analysis through unitization, coding, data reduction, and inference drawing. Results: The findings indicate that Baitul Mal functions not only as an institution for managing state revenues but also as a fiscal instrument for wealth redistribution through zakat, kharāj, jizyah, ghanīmah, and fay’. Its institutional framework reflects the principles of distributive justice, fulfillment of societal needs, and public welfare. The study further finds that effective management of Baitul Mal requires transparency, accountability, and public trust. Conclusion: Baitul Mal is a comprehensive Islamic fiscal institution that promotes wealth redistribution and social welfare. Its reconstruction provides a framework for strengthening modern public finance through Islamic social finance and accountable governance.
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