THE MEMORISATION CURRICULA IN THE ISLAMIC EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Abstract
Pertanyaan apakah menghafal itu penting atau tidak akhir-akhir ini mendapat perhatian besar. Pakar pendidikan telah mengajukan berbagai argumen, baik yang mendukung maupun menentang, namun pendapat para pendidik Islam belum didengarkan. Dengan menelusuri perkembangan teknik hafalan di lembaga pendidikan Islam sejak masa Ottoman hingga saat ini di Indonesia, tulisan ini berupaya untuk mengatasi kesenjangan tersebut. Isu krusial kedua yang diangkat dari analisis literatur ini adalah terdepresiasinya penghafal Al-Qur'an akibat meningkatnya jumlah rumah tangga tahfidz di Indonesia belakangan ini. Ringkasnya, artikel ini mengemukakan tiga poin penting: Pertama, kurikulum pendidikan Islam kini memasukkan hafalan sebagai strategi pembelajaran dan akan selalu demikian. Kedua, menghafal tidak secara inheren mendiskualifikasi proses pemahaman. Pertentangan antara kedua konsep ini hanyalah salah satu contoh bagaimana cara berpikir kita dikaburkan oleh perbedaan ontologi sistem pendidikan Islam dan Eropa. Ketiga, cita-cita luhur seorang Muslim untuk mewujudkan Al-Qur'an dalam dirinya telah menjadi ciri khas lembaga pendidikan Islam selama berabad-abad dan terancam punah. Ketiga kesimpulan ini berkaitan dengan peningkatan setidaknya dua metodologi pengajaran dalam pendidikan Indonesia: kebutuhan untuk mempertahankan sistem pendidikan yang asli dari lembaga pendidikan Islam dan keberlanjutan tingkat pendidikan Islam.
The question of whether memorizing things is essential or not has recently gained substantial attention. Education specialists have offered a range of arguments, both for and against, but Islamic educators' opinions have not been heard. By tracking the development of memorization techniques in Islamic educational institutions from the Ottoman era to the present day in Indonesia, this essay seeks to address this gap. The second crucial issue brought up by this literature analysis is the depreciation of memorizing the Qur'an as a result of the recent increase in tahfidz households in Indonesia. In summary, this article makes three crucial points: First, the Islamic educational curriculum now incorporates memorization as a learning strategy and always will. Second, memorization does not inherently disqualify the understanding process. The conflict between these two concepts is just one example of how our way of thinking is clouded by the divergent ontologies of the Islamic and European educational systems. Third, the lofty goal of a Muslim embodying the Qur'an inside himself or herself has been the hallmark of Islamic educational institutions for centuries and is in risk of disappearing. These three conclusions are pertinent to the promotion of at least two instructional methodologies in Indonesian education: the need to maintain an educational system that is native to the womb of Islamic educational institutions and the sustainability of Islamic educational levels.
References
Anwar, Sumarsih. ‘Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan Tahfidzul Qur’an Pada Anak Usia Sekolah Dasar Di Pondok Pesantren Nurul Iman Kota Tasikmalaya’. EDUKASI: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Agama Dan Keagamaan 15, no. 2 (2017): 263–82.
Athoillah, M. ‘The Methods of Teaching and Learning Fiqh in Islamic Boarding School, Islamic School and Public School’. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 2, no. 1 (15 March 2016): 127. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v2i1.697.
Boyle, Helen N. ‘Memorization and Learning in Islamic Schools’. Comparative Education Review, The University of Chicago Press on Behalf of the Comparative and International Education Society 50, no. 3 (2006): 478–95.
Fauzi, Rizqi Fadli. ‘Menghafal Mengancam Otak Anda!’ Kompasiana.Com (blog), 17 June 2015. https://www.kompasiana.com/bahasa.kita/55359cbf6ea834db05da42e7/menghafal-mengancam-otak-anda.
Fitria, Ria. ‘Peran Rumah Tahfidz El-Fajr Dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Di Sako Kenten Palembang’. Skripsi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang, 2020.
FRSMM TV. ‘Hati-Hati Dengan Rumah Tahfidz Yang Disusupi - Khutbah Buya Arrazy Hasyim’. Youtube, 25 September 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sujmh1yha8k.
Günther, Sebastian. ‘Be Masters in That You Teach and Continue to Learn: Medieval Muslim Thinkers on Educational Theory’. Comparative Education Review, Special Issue on Islam and Education, 50, no. 3 (2006): 367–88.
Hilgendorf, Eric. ‘Islamic Education: History and Tendency’. Peabody Journal of Education 78, no. 2 (2003): 63–75.
Ihsanoglu, Ekmeleddin. ‘The Madrasas of the Ottoman Empire’. Foundation for Science, Tehcnology and Civilisation, 2004.
Lanti, irman G., Akim Ebih, and Windy Dermawan. ‘Examining the Growth of Islamic Conservatism in Indonesia: The Case of West Java’. Singapore: S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, 2019.
Lukens-Bull, Ronald A. ‘Two Sides of the Same Coin: Modernity and Tradition in Islamic Education in Indonesia’. Anthropology & Education Quarterly 32, no. 3 (2001): 350–72.
Mahamid, Hatim. ‘Curricula and Educational Process in Mamluk Madrasahs’. Education Research Journal 1, no. 17 (2011): 141–51.
pijarsekolah.id. ‘Mana Lebih Baik Untuk Siswa: Menghafal Atau Memahami Pelajaran’, 7 July 2021. https://pijarsekolah.id/mana-lebih-baik-untuk-siswa-menghafal-atau-memahami-pelajaran/.
Miller, G. D. ‘Classroom 19: A Study of Behaviour in a Clasroom of a Moroccan Primary School’. In Psychological Dimensions of Near Eastern Studies, edited by L.C. Brown and N. Itzkowitz. Princeton: Darwin, 1977.
Moore, Leslie C. ‘Learning by Heart in Qur’anic and Public Schools in Northern Cameroon’. Social Analysis: The International Journal of Anthropology 50, no. 3 (2006): 109–26.
Mudzakkir, Shidqi, and Khoirul Umam. ‘Metode Hafalan Alfiah Ibn Malik Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Dan Memahami Kitab Kuning Di Madrasah Aliyah Salafiyah Syafi’iyah Tebuireng Jombang’. Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia 3, no. 3 (2022): 273–85.
Muhaimin, A.G. The Islamic Traditions of Cirebon. Canberra: ANU Press, n.d.
cnnindonesia.com. ‘Nadiem Sebut Kompetensi Menghafal Tak Lagi Dibutuhkan’, 14 December 2019. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20191214032015-20-456911/nadiem-sebut-kompetensi-menghafal-tak-lagi-dibutuhkan.
Nasik, Ahmad Ulin. ‘Strategi Pengembangan Rumah Tahfidz Di Lembaga PPPA Daarul Quran Surabaya’. Skripsi, UIN Sunan Ampel, 2018.
Nurcholis, Ahmad, Mochamad Chobir Sirad, Budi Harianto, and Syaikhu Ihsan Hidayatullah. ‘THE ONTOLOGY OF ARABIC CURRICULUM AT PESANTREN ATTAHDZIB JOMBANG’. Arabi : Journal of Arabic Studies 5, no. 2 (31 December 2020): 153. https://doi.org/10.24865/ajas.v5i2.247.
Nurullah, Mawardi. ‘Benarkah Kompetensi Menghafal Tidak Lagi Dibutuhkan Oleh Guru Dan Dosen?’ Kumparan.Com (blog), 18 March 2022. https://kumparan.com/nurullah-mawardi/benarkah-kompetensi-menghafal-tidak-lagi-dibutuhkan-oleh-guru-dan-dosen-1xgt6ex1z6a.
Pohl, Florian. ‘Islamic Education and Civil Society: Reflections on the Pesantren Tradition in Contemporary Indonesia’. Comparative Education Review, Special Issue on Islam and Education, 50, no. 3 (2006): 389–409.
PPPA Daarul Qur’an. ‘Rumah Tahfidz’. Accessed 13 January 2022. https://pppa.id/program/rumah_tahfidz.
Raihani. ‘Curriculum Construction in the Indonesian Pesantren: A Comparative Case Study of Curriculum Development in Two Pesantrens in South Kalimantan’. Thesis, University of Melbourne, 2001.
Rezeki, Sri. ‘Jangan Menghafal’. Gurusiana.Id (blog), 7-11-? https://www.gurusiana.id/read/srirezeki211335/article/jangan-menghafal-4036780.
Rezqiana, Alifia Nuralita. ‘Menghafal vs Memahami, Mana Cara Belajar Yang Paling Tepat?’ Kompas.Com (blog), 27 January 2022. https://www.kompas.com/edu/read/2022/01/27/100846871/menghafal-vs-memahami-mana-cara-belajar-paling-tepat?page=all.
Saifunnuha, Mukhamad, Kusmana Kusmana, and Media Bahri. ‘The Discourse of Syurut Al-Mufassir Among Traditional and Modern Scholars: A Content Analysis’. In Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 2nd International Colloquium on Interdisciplinary Islamic Studies (ICIIS) in Conjunction with the 3rd International Conference on Quran and Hadith Studies (ICONQUHAS). Jakarta, Indonesia: EAI, 2020. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.7-11-2019.2294536.
Sudiyono, Anas. ‘Penjelasan Buya Dr. Arrazy Hasyim Tentang Rumah Tahfidz’. Youtube, 21 September 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ohBh-S4l-GY.
Supriyatno, Helmi. ‘Resmikan Rumah Tahfidz Center, Ketua DPD-RI Berharap Indonesia Jadi Negeri Penghafal Qur’an’. Bhirawa Online, 22 May 2020. https://www.harianbhirawa.co.id/resmikan-rumah-tahfidz-center-ketua-dpd-ri-berharap-indonesia-jadi-negeri-penghafal-quran/#:~:text=Menurut%20penuturannya%2C%20hingga%20Maret%202020,Indonesia%20mencapai%20lebih%201.200%20Unit.
Suwignyo, Agus. ‘Guncangan Kampus Merdeka’. Kompas, 10 January 2023.
Talbani, A. ‘Pedagogy, Power and Discourse: Transformation of Islamic Education’. Comparative Education Review 40, no. 1 (1977): 66–82.
Tufekci, Ali. ‘Books, Syllabuses, Ijazah: A Look into the Educational System in Ottoman Madrassas’. Dailysabah.com, 2 December 2020. https://www.dailysabah.com/arts/books-syllabuses-ijazah-a-look-into-the-educational-system-in-ottoman-madrassas/news.
Ware, Rudolph T. The Walking Qurʼan: Islamic Education, Embodied Knowledge, and History in West Africa. Islamic Civilization and Muslim Networks. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press, 2014.
Wisnubrata. ‘Menghafal Itu Bukan Belajar’. Edukasi.Kompas.Com (blog), 14 December 2016. https://edukasi.kompas.com/read/2016/12/14/15245261/menghafal.itu.bukan.belajar?page=all.
Copyright (c) 2024 Kodifikasia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.