Tujuh Karakter Fundamentalisme Islam
Abstract
Abstract: This article examines fundamentalism and compares it with the concept of extremism, radicalism, and scripturalism. This article discovered that it is possible to carry out study on the phenomenon of fundamentalism in post-positivism paradigm as employed by modern social sciences. As we know that basically all fundamentalism has the same character. However, Islamic fundamentalism are significantly different from the other fundamentalist movements in many substantive things, such as the ability to penetrate the boundaries between countries, the abundance of the activists, the character of the Islam as a "protest movement", the total obedience to the rules of everyday life of the Islam, the failure of separation between state and religion, the high spirit of collectivity, the potential of Islam to legitimize states, the existence of the doctrine of jihad and its immediate reward of the Hereafter. Under the shadows of all the above, Islamic countries tend to be sensitive to the waves of fundamentalism that nevertheless in fact move ups and downs in accordance with social, political, and economic realities.
الملخص: تبحث هذه الدراسة عن الأصولية وتقارن بينها وبين مفهوم التطرف والراديكالية، والحرفي وتستخلص بأنه من الممكن لإجراء دراسة حول ظاهرة الأصولية في نموذج ما بعد الوضعية كما تستخدمها العلوم الاجتماعية الحديثة. ونحن نعلم أن كل الأصولية في الأساس لها نفس الطابع. ومع ذلك، الأصولية الإسلامية تختلف اختلافا كبيرا من الحركات الأصولية الأخرى في كثير من الأمور الجوهرية، مثل القدرة على اختراق الحدود بين البلدان، والوفرة من الناشطين، وطابع الإسلام بأنها "حركة احتجاجية"، والطاعة الكاملة للقواعد الحياة اليومية للإسلام، وعدم الفصل بين الدولة والدين، وروح عالية من الجماعية، وإمكانات الإسلام لإضفاء الشرعية على الدول، وقوة تعاليم الجهاد ومكافأة فورية له في الآخرة. وتحت ظلال جميع العوامل المذكورة ، فإن الدول الإسلامية تميل إلى أن تكون حساسة للموجات الأصولية لأنها في الواقع تتحرك صعودا وهبوطا وفقا للحقائق الاجتماعية والسياسية والاقتصادية.
Abstrak: Tulisan ini mengkaji fundamentalisme dan mengkaitkannya dengan konsep ekstremisme, radikalisme, dan skripturalisme. Tulisan ini sampai pada pendapat bahwa adalah hal yang mungkin untuk melakukan studi terhadap fenomena fundamentalisme dalam paradigma postpositivisme yang dianut oleh ilmu-ilmu sosial modern. Sebagaimana diketahui bahwa fundamentalis mempunyai karakter yang sama, Fundamentalisme Islam sesungguhnya berbeda dari gerakan-gerakan fundamentalis lain dalam banyak hal yang substantif, seperti; kemampuan untuk menembus batas-batas antar negara; banyaknya para aktifis; kenyataan bahwa Islam adalah “gerakan protes”; kepatuhan total para pengikutnya terhadap seperangkat ajaran praktis; kesulitan untuk memisahkan antara negara dan agama; kuatnya orientasi terhadap hal-hal yang bersifat kolektif; kekuatan Islam untuk melegitimasi negara; adanya perintah jihad; dan adanya janji yang segara diterima. Dalam naungan sinar semua hal di atas, negara-negara Islam cenderung peka terhadap gelombang fundamentalisme yang bagaimanapun sesungguhnya bergerak pasang dan surut sesuai dengan kondisi konkret sosial, politik, dan ekonomi negara-negara Islam yang ada.
Keywords: fundamentalisme, radikalisme, ekstremisme, Yahudi, Katolik, Islam, HTI, MMI.
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