Global Islamic Liberation Theology in the Local Context of Transgendered Indonesian Muslims
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21154/altahrir.v19i2.1677Keywords:
Transgender, Liberation Theology, Islam, GlobalizationAbstract
Abstract: The place of Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) Muslims within Islamic normativity has become attention for scholars and activists, such as Kecia Ali and Scot Kugle, Nur Kholis who rethink the place of LGBT people in social, political, and religious lives. The paper discusses how Islamic liberation theology, as a global concept within the Muslim world, has inspired Nahdlatul Ulama Islamic University scholar-activists to hold discussions about the place of waria in Islam, at the Pesantren Waria Al-Fatah, Yogyakarta. However, as globalization leads to glocalization, the way the concept is understood and implemented differs from that global one. The study argues that global Islamic liberation theology influencing the activists in perceiving waria subject position has undergone “glocalization.” As Islamic liberation theology was used to fight against colonialism and capitalism, the scholar-activists now find in it the tools to fight against the oppression towards gender minorities, particularly waria. The study is based on interviews with several Nahdlatul Ulama activists, and participant observation in the Pesantren event.
الملخص: أصبØت LGBT من المسلمين ÙÙŠ الأعرا٠الإسلامية موضع اهتمام العلماء والناشطين مثل كيجيا علي وسكوت كوغل ونور خالص الذين قاموا بإعادة التÙكير ÙÙŠ مكانة Ùريق LGBT ÙÙŠ الØياة الاجتماعية والسياسية والدينية. ناقش هذا المقال كي٠أن لاهوت التØرير الإسلامي كمÙهوم عالمي ÙÙŠ العالم الإسلامي ألهم العلماء والناشطين ÙÙŠ جامعة نهضة العلماء الإسلامية لعقد نقاش Øول مكانة الخنثى ÙÙŠ الإسلام ÙÙŠ بسانترين "الÙتØ" للخنثي جوكجاكرتا. ولكن Øين اتجهت العولمة إلى العولمة Ùإن طريقة المÙهوم Ùهمت وطبّقت مختلÙØ© عن ما يكون عالميا. رأت هذه الدراسة أن لاهوت التØررير الإسلامي العالمي الذي يؤثر الناشطين ÙÙŠ Ùهم مكانة الخنثي وقع ÙÙŠ العولمة، لأن لاهوت التØرير الإسلامي مستخدم لمØاربة الاستعمارية والرأسمالية. وجد العلماء والناشطون الآن وسائل لمØاربة الخنثي هي القمع تجاه الأقليات الجنسانية. اعتمدت هذه الدراسة على مقابلة بعض الناشطين من جمعية نهضة العلماء والملاØظة بالمشاركة ÙÙŠ أنشطة بسانترين.
Abstrak: Tempat Muslim Lesbian, gay, biseksual, dan transgender (LGBT) dalam normativitas Islam telah menjadi perhatian para cendekiawan dan aktivis, seperti Kecia Ali dan Scot Kugle, Nur Kholis yang memikirkan kembali tempat orang LGBT dalam bidang sosial, politik, dan kehidupan agama. Makalah ini membahas bagaimana teologi pembebasan Islam, sebagai konsep global dalam dunia Muslim, telah mengilhami para cendekiawan-aktivis Universitas Islam Nahdlatul Ulama untuk mengadakan diskusi tentang tempat waria dalam Islam, di Pesantren Waria Al-Fatah, Yogyakarta. Namun, ketika globalisasi mengarah ke glokalisasi, cara konsep dipahami dan diterapkan berbeda dari yang global. Studi ini berpendapat bahwa teologi pembebasan Islam global yang memengaruhi para aktivis dalam memahami posisi subyek waria telah mengalami “globalisasi.” Karena teologi pembebasan Islam digunakan untuk memerangi kolonialisme dan kapitalisme, para aktivis sarjana sekarang menemukan di dalamnya alat untuk melawan penindasan terhadap gender minoritas, khususnya waria. Studi ini didasarkan pada wawancara dengan beberapa aktivis Nahdlatul Ulama, dan pengamatan partisipan dalam acara Pesantren.
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