AYAT-AYAT WAH}DAT AL-WUJU<D: Upaya Rekonsiliasi Paham Wah}dat al-Wuju>d dalam Kitab Tanbi>h al-Ma>shi Karya ‘Abdurrauf al-Sinkili
Abstract
Abstract: One of the key moments in discussing the history of Indonesian Islam is a polemic related to the negotiation on the doctrine of wahdat al-wujud that occured in Aceh in 17th century between the followers of Hamzah al-Fansuri and Nuruddin al-Raniri. This article focuses on analyzing several Qur’anic verses used by ‘Abdurrauf as the confirmation of his argument. In the polemical context, Abdurrauf al-Sinkili appeared to be an actor of reconciliation between two opposite sides. He tried to respond to the disputed issues through his book called “Tanbi>h al-Mashi”. As an exponent of the so-called moderate sufism (mysticism), he built the argument concerning wah}dat al-wujud based on the Quranic text. After making a thematic classification chronologically, his interpretation on these verses is analyzed by using Hussain al-Dhahaby’s theory of sufistic exegesis. In conclusion, it shows that ‘Abdurrauf’s commentary is “sufi-nazari type”, featured by his exegeses pattern. This, of course, represents his attitude as a reconciler who then needs to seek confirmation to the Qur’anic verses in evaluating wah}dat al-wujud doctrine, through which such a polemical issues occurred at that time.
الملخص: إن من المرحلة الأساسية التي مرّ بها تاريخ الإسلام في اندونيسيا الجدل و النزاع حول عقيدة وحدة الوجود فى أتشيه (Aceh) حول قرن السابع عشر بين أتباع حمزة الفنسوري و نور الدين الرانيري. ففي ذلك الخطاب النزاعي جاء عبد الرؤوف السنكيلي مصلحا بين الجانبين المعاكسين. وعلى مقتضى الظروف، كتب كتاب " تنبيه الماشي" الذي تطرّق فيه طريق التوسّط، ممثّلا للتصوّف المعتدل. اعتمد عبد الرؤوف على النصوص القرآنية فى تحقيق آراءه حول تناقضات وحدة الوجود. فهذه المقالة تطرح نفسها في تحليل الأيات القرآنية التي استخدمها عبد الرؤوف تأكيدا لحجته. بعد إجراء تصنيف موضوعي لتفسيره، سيتم التحليل باستخدام نظرية حسين الذهبي عن التفسير الصوفي. فيمكن القول بأن مادة تفسيره تدخل تحت لون "الصوفى النظري" التي ظهرت من قبل eisegesis (من النظرية الى النص). فهذا بالطبع يمثل على موقفه في الاعتدالية و باعتباره مصلحا، حتى يحتاج الى القرآن في التأكيد و التقييم للمسائل حول وحدة الوجود التي حدث من خلالها مثل هذا الجدل في ذلك الوقت.
Abstrak: Salah satu momen kunci dalam perbincangan sejarah Islam Indonesia adalah polemik terkait negosiasi doktrin wah}dat al-wuju>d yang terjadi di Aceh pada abad ke-17 antara pengikut H{amzah al-Fansu>ri> dan Nu>r al-Di>n al-Ra>ni>ri>. Dalam konteks polemikal tersebut, Abdurrauf al-Sinkili muncul sebagai sosok rekonsiliator. Ia mencoba merespon pertikaian tersebut lewat kitabnya yang berjudul “Tanbi>h al-Ma>shi”. Sebagai eksponen tasawuf moderat, ia mendasarkan argumentasi terkait paham wah}dat al-wuju>d kepada al-Qur’an. Tulisan ini membincang ayat-ayat al-Qur’an yang digunakan sebagai konfirmasi dalam argumentasi Abdurrauf. Setelah dikelompokan secara tematik-kronologis, tafsiran Abdurrauf terhadap beberapa ayat al-Qur’an yang terkait wah}dat al-wuju>d dianalisis menggunakan teori tafsir sufistik Hussein al-Dhahaby. Secara konklusif dapat dikatakan bahwa uraian Abdurrauf tersebut merupakan sebuah tafsir sufistik versi “s}u>fi-naz}ari” yang menggunakan pola “eisegesis” (dari gagasan ke teks). Hal ini tentunya merepresentasikan sikapnya sebagai rekonsiliator yang kemudian merasa perlu untuk mencari konfirmasi terhadap ayat al-Qur’an dalam evaluasinya terhadap doktrin wah}dat al-wuju>d yang kontroversial ketika itu.
Keywords: Abdurrauf al-Sinkili, wah}dat al-wuju>d, rekonsiliasi, tafsir sufi
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