AMBO MUHAMMADIYAH, MUNAK PESANTREN: The Moderate Islam Characteristics of the Coastal Community
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21154/altahrir.v20i1.2009Keywords:
moderate Islam, Muhammadiyah, pesantrean, Kepulauan BanyakAbstract
Abstract: This research intends to investigate why the difference in Islamic interpretation did not cause religious conflict in Pulau Banyak, Aceh Singkil. This phenomenon was sharply different compared to other Aceh regions where people argue each other just because they had different interpretations (khilafiah) on Islam. In those regions, the Muslim majorities in Aceh (aswaja) use the term wahabi to distinguish minority groups and to justify their violence. Meanwhile, in Kepulauan Banyak, there are two Islamic mainstreams namely Muhammadiyah and Pesantren or tarbiyah (the traditional Islam) that are strongly rooted in the society without any clashes recorded. Hence, the question was what makes this dualism in religious interpretation live cooperatively in Kepulauan Banyak. This analytical descriptive research used qualitative methods with grounded research as its approach. Data was collected in three villages in the Kepulauan Banyak District. This research showed that coastal communities prioritize community togetherness rather than their differentiation in Islamic understanding. The collective feeling as a coastal community becomes social cohesion that obscuring religious differences.
الملخص: هذا البØØ« هو Ù…Øاولة للنظر بشكل أعمق ÙÙŠ أسباب عدم تسبب الاختلاÙات ÙÙŠ تنÙيذ الÙهم الإسلامي بالضرورة ÙÙŠ تقسيم شعب بولاو بانياك وأتشيه سينكيل وتضاربه. هذا الشرط يختل٠عن أهل أتشيه بشكل عام ØŒ الذين غالبًا ما ينقسمون بتÙسيرات مختلÙØ© للإسلام (اقرأ: الخلاÙية). ÙÙŠ الواقع ØŒ ظهر Ù…ØµØ·Ù„Ø Ø§Ù„ÙˆÙ‡Ø§Ø¨ÙŠØ© مؤخرًا لتبرير الجماعات المشتبه ÙÙŠ انØراÙها ØŒ لأنها تنÙÙŠ Ùهم الأغلبية والثقاÙØ© المØلية. Øتى الآن ØŒ هناك تÙاهمان تطورا ÙÙŠ مجتمع العديد من الجزر ØŒ وهما المØمدية والتعليم الإسلامي (الÙهم التقليدي للإسلام). كلاهما متجذر بقوة ÙÙŠ المجتمع المØلي دون اتصال ØŒ والسؤال الذي ÙŠØ·Ø±Ø Ù†Ùسه لماذا يمكن أن تتعايش ثنائية الÙهم الديني الإسلامي ÙÙŠ وسط مجتمع جزر عديدة. هذا البØØ« وصÙÙŠ تØليلي مع الأساليب النوعية وأساليب البØØ« القائمة على أسس. تم جمع البيانات ÙÙŠ ثلاث قرى ÙÙŠ منطقة كيبولاوان بانياك الÙرعية ØŒ بدءًا بالملاØظة والمقابلات ودراسة الأدبيات ØŒ وأخيرًا تØليل البيانات. أظهرت النتائج أن الأهمية الثقاÙية للعمل الجماعي كمجتمع ساØلي جزري لها الأسبقية على الاختلاÙات ÙÙŠ الÙهم الإسلامي. أصبØت Øالة الشعور بالجماعة كمجتمع جزري تماسكًا اجتماعيًا ØŒ وطمس التÙكك بسبب الاختلاÙات ÙÙŠ الÙهم الديني.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini adalah upaya untuk melihat lebih dalam mengapa perbedaan dalam menjalankan pemahaman ke-Islaman tak lantas menyebabkan masyarakat Pulau Banyak, Aceh Singkil terbelah dan berkonflik. Kondisi ini berbeda dengan masyarakat Aceh pada umumnya, yang kerap tercerai oleh perbedaan penafsiran keislaman (baca: khilafiyah). Bahkan, belakangan muncul istilah wahabi untuk menjustifikasi kelompok yang ditengarai menyimpang, karena mengingkari pemahaman mayoritas dan kebudayaan lokal. Sejauh ini, ada dua paham yang berkembang di tengah masyarakat Kepulauan Banyak, yaitu Muhammadiyah dan Pesantren (pemahaman Islam tradisionalis). Keduanya mengakar kuat dalam masyarakat setempat tanpa bersinggungan, muncul pertanyaan mengapa dualisme pemahaman keagamaan Islam dapat hidup berdampingan di tengah masyarakat Kepulauan Banyak. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitis dengan metode kualitatif dan pendekatan grounded research. Pengumpulan data dilakukan di tiga kampung dalam Kecamatan Kepulauan Banyak, diawali dengan observasi, wawancara, studi pustaka, dan terakhir analisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jika makna budaya kebersamaan sebagai masyarakat pesisir kepulauan lebih diutamakan dibanding perbedaan pandangan pemahaman keislaman. Kondisi perasaan kolektivitas sebagai masyarakat kepulauan telah menjadi kohesi sosial, dan mengaburkan disintegrasi akibat perbedaan pemahaman agama.
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