EDUCATION POLITICS IN ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL AND MADRASA: The Old Order, The New Order, and The Reform Era
Abstract
Abstract: The development of Islamic boarding schools and madrasas in Indonesia cannot be separated from the political education policy of the government that is currently in power. Through a literature study, this study intends to reveal how the form of education politics carried out by the government towards these two institutions. The theoretical debate on education politics during the Old Order begins the explanation of this study. Then, the debate during the New Order is discussed, and the debate related to the Reformation era is discussed after that. This study illustrates that despite the politicization of Islamic boarding schools and madrasas, these indigenous Indonesian educational institutions must be preserved and their development should be considered. Furthermore, Islamic boarding schools and madrasas are important indicators for the progress of the religion and the nation. By looking at the realities of advanced education today, Islamic boarding schools and madrasas are a reflection of the superiority of scientific, intellectual, and cultural achievements. The government as a policymaker should provide full political support so that Islamic boarding schools and madrasas can compete at the world level.
الملخص: لا يمكن فصل تطوير المدارس الداخلية الإسلامية والمدارس الدينية في إندونيسيا عن سياسة التعليم السياسي للحكومة التي تتولى السلطة حاليًا. تهدف هذه الدراسة ، من خلال دراسة أدبية ، إلى الكشف عن شكل السياسة التربوية التي تنفذها الحكومة تجاه هاتين المؤسستين. سيبدأ النقاش النظري حول سياسات التعليم في عهد النظام القديم في شرح هذه الدراسة ، ثم يتبعها في عهد النظام الجديد ، وينتهي خلال فترة الإصلاح. توضح هذه الدراسة أنه على الرغم من تسييس المدارس الداخلية الإسلامية والمدارس الدينية ، يجب الحفاظ على هذه المؤسسات التعليمية الإندونيسية الأصلية والنظر في تطويرها. علاوة على ذلك ، فإن المدارس الداخلية الإسلامية هي مؤشرات مهمة لتقدم الدين والأمة. بالنظر إلى واقع التعليم المتقدم حاليًا ، فإن المدارس الداخلية الإسلامية والمدارس الإسلامية هي انعكاس لتفوق الإنجازات العلمية والفكرية والثقافية. يجب على الحكومة كصانع للسياسة أن تقدم الدعم السياسي الكامل حتى تتمكن المدارس الداخلية الإسلامية والمدارس الإسلامية من المنافسة على المستوى العالمي.
Abstrak: Perkembangan Pesantren dan madrasah di Indonesia tidak dapat dipisahkan dari kebijakan politik pendidikan pemerintah yang sedang berkuasa. Melalui studi literatur, kajian ini hendak mengungkap bagaimana bentuk politik pendidikan yang dijalankan oleh pemerintah terhadap kedua lembaga tersebut. Perdebatan teoritis politik pendidikan pada masa Orde Lama akan mengawali penjelasan kajian ini, kemudian disusul pada masa Orde Baru, dan diakhiri pada masa Reformasi. Kajian ini memberikan gambaran bahwa sekalipun terjadi politisasi terhadap pesantren dan madrasah, akan tetapi lembaga pendidikan asli Indonesia ini harus tetap dilestarikan dan diperhatikan perkembangannya. Selanjutnya, pesantren dan madrasah merupakan salah satu indikator penting untuk kemajuan agama dan bangsa. Dengan melihat realitas pendidikan yang sudah maju saat ini, pesantren dan madrasah adalah cerminan dari keunggulan capaian keilmuan, intelektual dan kultural. Pemerintah sebagai pemangku kebijakans udah sepatutnya memberikan dukungan penuh secara politik agar pesantren dan madrasah bisa bersaing di tingkat dunia.
Downloads
References
Amin, Samsul Munir. Sejarah Peradaban Islam. Jakarta: Amzah, 2010.
Anwar, Ali. Pembaruan Pendidikan di Islamic Boarding School Lirboyo Kediri. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2010.
Azra, Azyumardi. Paradigma Baru Pendidikan Nasional: Rekonstruksi dan Demokratisasi. Jakarta: Kompas, 2002.
Bruinessen, Martin van. NU: Tradisi, Relasi-relasi Kuasa, Pencarian Wacana Baru, Terj. Farid Wajidi. Yogyakarta: LKIS, 1994.
Choiri, Moh. Miftachul, and Aries Fitriani. “Problematika Pendidikan Islam Sebagai Sub Sistem Pendidikan Nasional di Era Global.” Al-Tahrir: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam 11, no. 2 (2011).
Daulay, Haidar Putra. Pendidikan Islam dalam Sistem Pendidikan Nasional Indonesia. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2004.
Dunn, William N. Pengantar Analisis Kebijakan Publik. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press, 1999.
Hadi, Hasbullah, Didin Hafidhuddin, Adian Husaini, and Endin Mujahidin. “Kebijakan Pendidikan Nasional Terhadap Pendidikan Islam dan Pendidikan Sekuler.” Miqot XL, no. 2 (2016).
Indonesia, Undang-undang Republik. Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 Tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional (2003).
Kansil, C.S.T. Mendalami P4, UUD 1945, dan GBHN. Jakarta: PN Balai Pustaka, 1985.
Latief, Djamil. Himpunan Peraturan-peraturan Tentang Pendidikan Agama. Jakarta: Ditbinpendais Depag RI, 1983.
Madjid, Nurcholish. Bilik-bilik Islamic Boarding School: Sebuah Potret Perjalanan. Jakarta: Dian Rakyat, 1997.
Maksum. Madrash; Sejarah dan Perkembangannya. Jakarta: Logos Wacana Ilmu, 1999.
Qomar, Mujamil. Islamic Boarding School: Dari Transformasi Metodologi Menuju Demokratisasi Institusi. Jakarta: Erlangga, 1996.
Rokim. “Analisis Kebijakan Versi Dunn & Implementasinya dalam Pendidikan Islam.” Pancawahana 14, no. 2 (2019).
Saleh, Abdurahman. Penyelenggaraan Madrasah: Peraturan Perundangan. Jakarta: Dharma Bhakti, 1984.
Saridjo, Marwan. Sejarah Pondok Islamic Boarding School di Indonesia. Jakarta: Dharma Bhakti, 1982.
SKI Fakultas Adab UIN Yogyakarta. Sejarah Peradaban Islam di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Pustaka, 2006.
Steenbrink, Karel A. Islamic Boarding School, Madrasah, Sekolah: Pendidikan Islam dalam Kurun Modern. Jakarta: LP3S, 1994.
Sumardi, Mulyanto. Sejarah Singkat Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia 1945-1975. Jakarta: Dharma Bhakti, 1978.
Tadjab. “Posisi Pendidikan Islam dalam Sistem Pendidikan Nasional.” Fakultas Pasca Sarjana IAIN Sunan Kalijaga, 1987.
Tilaar, H.A.R. Paradigma Baru Pendidikan Nasional. Bandung: Rineka Cipta, 2004.
Yatim, Badri. Sejarah Peradaban Islam: Dirasah Islamiyah II. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2010.
Copyright (c) 2020 Jufri Naldo, Azhari Akmal Tarigan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Please find the rights and licenses in Al-Tahrir. By submitting the article/manuscript of the article, the author(s) agree with this policy. No specific document sign-off is required.
1. License
The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
2. Author(s)' Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author(s), has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author(s).
3. User/Public Rights
Al-Tahrir's spirit is to disseminate articles published are as free as possible. Under the Creative Commons license, Al-Tahrir permits users to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work for non-commercial purposes only. Users will also need to attribute authors and Al-Tahrir on distributing works in the journal and other media of publications. Unless otherwise stated, the authors are public entities as soon as their articles got published.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain all their rights to the published works, such as (but not limited to) the following rights;
- Copyright and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
- The right to use the substance of the article in own future works, including lectures and books,
- The right to reproduce the article for own purposes,
- The right to self-archive the article,
- The right to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the article's published version (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal (Al-Tahrir).
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was jointly prepared by more than one author, any authors submitting the manuscript warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to be agreed on this copyright and license notice (agreement) on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this policy. Al-Tahrir will not be held liable for anything that may arise due to the author(s) internal dispute. Al-Tahrir will only communicate with the corresponding author.
6. Royalties
Being an open accessed journal and disseminating articles for free under the Creative Commons license term mentioned, author(s) aware that Al-Tahrir entitles the author(s) to no royalties or other fees.
7. Miscellaneous
Al-Tahrir will publish the article (or have it published) in the journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed. Al-Tahrir's editors may modify the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization, referencing and usage that deems appropriate. The author acknowledges that the article may be published so that it will be publicly accessible and such access will be free of charge for the readers as mentioned in point 3.