PERANAN PEREMPUAN DALAM MASYARAKAT ISLAM DI ERA POST MODERNIASASI PENDEKATAN TAFSIR TEMATIK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21154/al-tahrir.v15i2.269Abstract
Abstract: The role of women seems still to be a discourse that becomes a debate among the feminist theoreticians. Something that becomes the crucial problem is how to position the role of women in contemporary Islamic societies. Through a thematic interpretation approach, this paper tried to describe the role of women in Islamic societies in the post-modern era. Discourse and gender movement had a great influence on Muslim society. The demands on the role of women were not only related to the role of freedom of their activities in the domestic realm but also related to the public domain. The Qur'an was present not in the empty time and but rather to respond to a variety of community activities in place in which it was revealed. He - the Qu’ran - had an idealistic normative values that should be believed, held and executed. The text data of the Qu’ran could be illustrated by a triadic system depicting the role of women and their relationships with the Lord, the roles and relationships of women in the family; and the roles and relationships in the community, including the Islamic community. Islam, as a religion, on the one hand was not only as a pure idea that was absolute and universal, but on the other hand, it was also as a product of the ideas that are not only relative but also limited. However, with its relativity and limitation as the product of the thought, it was still able to show the distinction of its egalitarian with the concept built by modern-secular feminism movement through the principle of parity.
الملخص :أصبØت المرأة موضوع نقاش بين Ù…Ùكّرات النسوية إلى الآن. القضية المهمّة هي كي٠يكون دور المرأة ÙÙŠ المجتمع المسلم المعاصر. Øاولت هذه الدراسة ”“ بمدخل التÙسير الموضوعي ”“ تصوير دور المرأة ÙÙŠ المجتمع المسلم ÙÙŠ العصر بعد الØداثة. الØركة والأÙكار عن الجنس لها أثرها ÙÙŠ المجتمع المسلم. اقتضاءات المرأة ليس Ùقط عن Øريّة العمل ÙÙŠ الأسرة لكن كذلك ÙÙŠ المجتمع. وإن القرآن لاينزل ÙÙŠ ثقاÙØ© مجتمع Ùارغة، لكنّه يستجيب شتى الأنشطة والأعمال قام بها المجتمع الذي نزل Ùيه. والقرآن Ùيه تعاليم وقيم أدبية شاملة كاملة التي يجب الاعتقاد بها والتمسك بها والعمل بها. والنصوص القرآنية تمثّل ترياديك التي تصوّر دور المرأة وعلاقتها بالله، دورها وعلاقتها بالأسرة، ودورها ÙÙŠ المجتمع وخاصة المجتمع المسلم. والإسلام ككونه آراء أصيلة وهو عام ومطلق، لكن لكونه نتائج Ø£Ùكار Ùهو غير مطلق ومØدّد. ولكن بكونه مثل هذا، استطاع أن يكون Ùارقا واضØا بينه وبين المÙهومات التي أتت بها الØركة النسوية المعاصرة العلمانية عن طريق الأساس بارتاس.
Abstrak: Peran perempuan merupakan diskursus yang masih jadi perbincangan teoritisi feminis. Hal yang menjadi problem krusial adalah bagaimana memposisikan peran perempuan dalam masyarakat Islam kekinian. Melalui pendekatan tafsir tematik, tulisan ini mencoba untuk mendiskripsikan peran perempuan dalam masyarakat Islam di era post-modern. Wacana dan gerakan gender memiliki pengaruh besar bagi masyarakat Islam. Tuntutan peran tidak saja terkait kebebasan beraktifitas di ranah domestik tetapi juga terkait dengan ranah publik. Al-Qur’an hadir tidak dalam ruang dan waktu yang hampa, melainkan merespon beragam aktifitas masyarakat di tempat ia diturunkan. Ia ”“ al-Qur’an ”“ memiliki tata nilai normatif-idealitik yang harus diyakini, dipegang teguh dan dijalankan. Data-data teks al-Qur’an, dapat diilustrasikan dengan sebuah triadik yang menggambarkan peran perempuan dan relasinya dengan Tuhan; peran dan relasi perempuan dalam keluarga; dan peran dan relasinya dalam masyarakat termasuk masyarakat Islam. Islam, sebagai sebuah agama, di satu sisi merupakan ide murni karenanya absolut dan universal, namun di sisi yang lain, ia merupakan hasil pemikiran yang tidak saja relatif tetapi juga terbatas. Namun dengan kerelatifan dan keterbatasan hasil pemikiran itu, ia tetap mampu menunjukkan distingsi egaliteriannya dengan konsepsi yang dibangun gerakan feminism modern-sekuler melalui prinsip paritas.
Keywords: tafsir, domestik, publik, absolut, sub-ordinat, paritas.
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