Perubahan Sosial Pada Komunitas Suku Bajo Di Pesisir Teluk Tomini
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21154/al-tahrir.v16i1.377Keywords:
perubahan sosial, Suku Bajo, kelembagaan adat, intervensi pemerintahAbstract
Abstract: Society and culture of human being always change as an ever ”“present phenomena in the world. A distinction is sometimes made then between processes of change within the social structure, which serve in part to maintain the structure, and, even the processes itself can be slow or fast through evolusion and revolusion. One of the factors that quicken the social change process is the government interventions. This study aims at analyzing the social change on the Bajo Tribe community as the impact of various government programs at Tomini bay coastal. This research used strategy of historical sociology. The kinds of data collected were primer and secondary data that were analyzed by using qualitative approac. The result showed that various government programs at Tomini bay, such as designating conservation area, granting concession license to private sectors through forest concession right (FCR)), indefeasible right of use (IRU), and fishing industry at the bay had caused the loss of access of the Bajo tribe community to coastal and marine resources area. Various interventions of government programs had implication on resettlement of the Bajo tribe community, causing the Bajo tribe divided into sea Bajo and land Bajo. The loss of access of the Bajo tribe to coastal and marine resources caused traditional institution weaken which made its philosophy of living in harmony with nature, and conservation ethics fade away, its local wisdom, and self identity lose, and its social capital destructed.
الملخص: كان المجتمع ÙˆØضارته متغيّرين ÙÙŠ أيّ كان المجتمع وهذه الØضارة. ويكون الÙرق ÙÙŠ كون هذا التغيّر. قد تكون عملية التغيّر متمهّلة أو سريعة وقد تكون عن طريق التطوّر والثّورة. وأØد العناصر المسرعة ÙÙŠ عملية هذا التغيّر هو تدخّل الØكومة. Øاولت هذه الدراسة تØليل التغيّر الاجتماعي ÙÙŠ قبيلة "باجو" نتيجة لتطبيق البرامج الØكومية ÙÙŠ سواØÙ„ خليج توميني. استخدمت هذه الدراسة الأسلوب الاجتماعي التاريخي. والبيانات المØصولة عليها ÙÙŠ شكل البيانات الأولية والبيانات الثانوية ويكون تØليل البيانات بالمدخل الكيÙÙŠ. دلّت نتائج البØØ« على أن البرامج المتنوّعة من الØكومة ÙÙŠ ساØÙ„ خليج توميني ÙÙŠ شكل اثبات مناطق الØÙاظ، وتسليم الإذن لعملية الØÙاظ تجاه الشركات الأهلية عن طريق HPH ÙˆHGU Ùˆ تربية الأسماك (بركة الأسماك)ØŒ وأدت هذه البرامج إلى ضياع Ùرصة الاستÙادة لقبيلة باجو تجاه الموارد السواØلية والبØرية. وتدخّل برامج الØكومة أدى إلى إعادة توطين مجتمع باجو وتÙريقهم إلى مجتمع باجو البØري ومجتمع باجو البرّيّ. وضياع Ùرصة الاستÙادة لمجتمع باجو تجاه موارد الطاقات السواØلية والبØرية أدّى إلى ضع٠المؤسسات التقاليدية وأدّى هذا إلى تلاشي ÙلسÙØ© الØياة المنسجمة بالعالم. وتلاشي Ø®Ùلق عملية الØÙاظ، وضياع الØكمة المØلية، وتلاشى الهوية ÙˆÙساد الرأسمال الإجتماعي.
Abstrak: Masyarakat dan kebudayaan manusia di manapun pada dasarnya selalu berada dalam keadaan berubah. Perbedaannya ada yang berlangsung secara lambat, cepat, atau bahkan melalui proses evolusi dan revolusi. Salah satu faktor yang mempercepat proses perubahan sosial adalah intervensi pemerintah. Kajian ini bertujuan menguraikan perubahan sosial pada komunitas Suku Bajo sebagai akibat masuknya berbagai program pemerintah di pesisir Teluk Tomini. Penelitian ini menggunakan strategi sosiologi sejarah (historical sociology). Jenis data yang terkumpul berupa data primer dan data sekunder, yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa berbagai program pemerintah di pesisir Teluk Tomini, berupa penetapan kawasan konservasi, serta pemberian izin konsesi kepada swasta melalui Hak Pengusahaan Hutan (HPH), Hak Guna Usaha (HGU), dan usaha tambak telah menyebabkan hilangnya akses komunitas Suku Bajo terhadap sumber daya pesisir dan laut. Intervensi berbagai program pemerintah tersebut berimplikasi resettlement bagi komunitas Suku Bajo, sehingga menyebabkan terbelahnya komunitas Suku Bajo menjadi Bajo laut dan Bajo darat. Hilangnya akses Suku Bajo terhadap sumber daya pesisir dan laut, menyebabkan kelembagaan adat semakin melemah yang mengakibatkan memudarnya falsafah hidup selaras dengan alam, memudarnya etika konservasi, hilangnya kearifan lokal, hilangnya identitas diri, dan hancurnya modal sosial.
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