Pengaruh Filsafat terhadap Heterodoksi Teologi Islam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21154/altahrir.v17i1.883Keywords:
Tuhan Impersonal, Teologi Negatif, Relasi Pelimpahan, Non Kreasi SemestaAbstract
Abstract: This article elaborates philosophy that runs into Islamic theology. Islamic theology could not be separated from all outer side. Those were not derived from revelation. Theological orthodoxy argued that each argument of divinity was taken from the revelation. They also consider that others were fault. Then those were categorized into heterodox. Heterodox was killed cruelly for instance al-H}alla>j, Suhrawardi, Siti Jenar. This acrticle describes critical approach and the data were analyzed through philosophical analysis. The article concludes that mostly, theological heterodoxy was inspired by philosophy such Plato, Aristotle and Plotinus. These philosophers delivered some convincing and satisfying arguments about God. Philosophy that characteristically has radical, comprehensive, systematic, independent and speculative delivering the basic insights of orthodox. Philosophy had given theological heterodoxy basis in some aspects such God is impersonal, non-spatial relation between God and creatures, and incretions view of the universe. Finally, this article assumes that heterodox point of view is useful to establish the principle of dissensus truth (mostly disagreement) in the plural-paced life.
الملخص: تبØØ« هذه المقالة ÙÙ‰ التÙكير الÙلسÙÙŠ الذي يؤثر على العقيدة الإسلامية. العقيدة الإسلامية كنتيجة الÙكرة لا يمكن Ùصلها عن جميع المؤثرات الخارجية لا يستمد جميع مصادرها من الوØÙŠ. Ùرقة دينية أرثوذكسية تستند Øجته على الوØÙŠ الألوهية تنظر على أن الÙكرة التي تخرج من المصادر الأخرى خاطئة. وهذا يؤدي إلى النظر أن الÙرقة الألوهية أخرى (هيتيرودوكس) تعتبر مجموعة مبتدعة وهي منØرÙØ©. ÙˆØكمت Ùرقة دينية أرثوذكسية على Ùرقة هيتيرودوكسية بالقتل، وهذا كما وقع على الØلاج وشهراوردي وستي جنار. من خلال المنهج الوصÙÙŠ النقدي والتØليل الÙلسÙÙŠØŒ يخلص الكاتب إلى أن الÙكرات العديدة من Ùرقة هيتيرودوكسية لاهوتية تؤثر من ÙلسÙØ© Ø£Ùلاطون وأرسطو وأÙلوطين. وقد أعطت الÙلسÙØ© أساس هيتيرودوكسية لاهوتية ÙÙŠ بعض النواØÙŠØŒ ومن بعض رأيهم أن الله هو شخصي، وكانت العلاقة بين الله والخلق غير المكانية، والنظرة غير الإبداعات ÙÙ‰ الكون. وهذا الرأي Ù…Ùيد لترسيخ مبدأ الØقيقة التي لا تواÙÙ‚ الأغلبية ÙÙŠ Øياة متعددة.
Abstrak: Artikel ini akan mengelaborasi pemikiran filsafat yang masuk ke dalam teologi Islam. Sebagai hasil pemikiran, teologi Islam tidak bisa dilepaskan dari pengaruh luar yang tidak semuanya murni bersumber dari wahyu. Kelompok ortodoksi teologis, sebagai kelompok yang menganggap setiap argumen ketuhanan diambil dari wahyu, menganggap pemikiran dari sumber lain dianggap sebagai kesalahan. Para pengusung argumen ketuhanan lain tersebut kemudian dianggap sebagai kelompok heterodoks, yaitu kelompok yang menyimpang. Dengan kejam, kelompok ortodoks menghukum kelompok heterodoks dengan pembunuhan, al-H{alla>j, Suhrawardi, Siti Jenar adalah beberapa kasus yang bisa diberikan. Melalui pendekatan diskriptif kritis dan analisis filosofis, penulis berkesimpulan bahwa heterodoksi teologis banyak diinspirasi oleh filsafat, baik dari Plato, Aristoteles maupun Plotinus. Para filsuf ini memberi argumen yang meyakinkan dan memuaskan akal pikiran tentang Tuhan. Filsafat yang memiliki watak radikal, menyeluruh, sistematis, bebas dan spekulatif mempertanyakan pandangan-pandangan dasar ortodoksi. Filsafat telah memberi basis heterodoksi teologis dalam beberapa hal, yaitu pandangan bahwa Tuhan bersifat impersonal, relasi non spasial antara Tuhan dengan makhluk dan pandangan non kreasi semesta. Akhirnya, artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa heterodoks ini berguna untuk membangun prinsip kebenaran disensus (kebenaran yang tidak harus disepakati oleh mayoritas) dalam kehidupan yang serba plural.
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