Fintech-Driven Digital Transformation in Islamic Business: Toward an Integrated Conceptual Framework—A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction/Main Objectives: Fintech has emerged as a key enabler of digital transformation by improving operational efficiency, fostering innovation, and expanding financial inclusion. However, existing studies remain fragmented in explaining the relationships among critical success factors, organizational capabilities, implementation barriers, and sustainable digital transformation within Islamic business organizations. This study synthesizes the existing literature and proposes an integrated conceptual framework to address these gaps. Research Methods: This study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following the Kitchenham and Charters guidelines. A total of 28 peer-reviewed studies published between 2019 and 2026 were selected using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and analyzed through thematic synthesis to answer four research questions. Finding/Results: The findings identify four interrelated themes: critical success factors, organizational capabilities, implementation barriers, and an integrated conceptual framework. The review reveals that sustainable fintech-driven digital transformation depends on the interaction of technological, organizational, human, governance, and environmental dimensions, while implementation barriers may moderate the effectiveness of organizational capabilities. Conclusion: This study proposes an integrated conceptual framework linking critical success factors, organizational capabilities, implementation barriers, and sustainable digital transformation outcomes within Islamic business organizations. The proposed framework enriches digital transformation literature and provides practical guidance for organizations and policymakers in designing more effective and sustainable fintech-enabled digital transformation strategies.