Rekontruksi Hukum Waris Islam: Makna Kala>lah David S. Power
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21154/muslimheritage.v2i1.1051Keywords:
testamentair, ab intestato, kalalahAbstract
Abstract: As a scholar who concerns in Islamic Law especially in Islamic inheritance law, David S. Power believes that Islamic inheritance was formed in the midle age era. According to him, Islamic inheritance law recently is very different from what Moslem has at the time of Prophet Muhammad, which is called by him as the beginning-Islamic inheritance law. This article tries to discuss the idea of David S Power about Islamic inheritance law. The first, form of the beginning-Islamic inheritance law consist of testamentair inheritance and ab intestato inheritance as the original form of command of al-Qur'an before these changes into ”˜ilm al-fara’id according to David. The second, after he reconstructs by tracing the history from riwayat and by using linguistic to investigate, he finds that the meaning of kalalah that develops recently is diferent from the real meaning especially in reading and understanding the word yuritsu, imra’atan, and yus’i that mentioned in al-Qur'an in Surah an-Nisa, verse 12. This basically changed the meaning of kalalah.
Abstrak: David S.Power sebagai sarjana Barat pengkaji hukum Islam, salah satunya hukum waris Islam, percaya bahwa hukum waris Islam yang dianggap mapan oleh masyarakat Muslim hingga saat ini adalah sesuatu yang baru terbentuk pada abad pertengahan. Hukum waris Islam saat ini jauh berbeda dengan hukum waris yang hidup pada masa Nabi Muhammad SAW, yang ia sebut dengan hukum waris purwa-Islam. Artikel ini mencoba membahas kontruksi gagasan David S.Power mengenai hukum waris Islam, yaitu: pertama, bentuk hukum waris purwa-Islam yang terdiri dari kewarisan testamentair (penunjukan ahli waris/berwasiat) dan kewarisan ab intestato (meninggal dalam keadaan tidak membuat surat wasiat) yang menurut David adalah bentuk asli dari perintah al-Qur’an, sebelum berubah menjadi ”˜ilm al- fara>’id yang mapan. Kedua, rekontruksinya melalui penelusuran riwayat dan dengan alat bantu linguistik, ia menemukan bahwa arti kala>lah yang berkembang hingga detik ini jauh berbeda dari makna aslinya, terutama terhadap pembacaan kata yu>ritsu, imra’atan dan yu>s}i> dalam Q.S an-Nisa ayat 12, yang berakibat pada perubahan secara mendasar makna kala>lah.
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