Analisis Maqasid Syariah dan Kesadaran Hukum Masyarakat terhadap Ijtihad Muhammadiah dalam Fatwa Tentang Haram Rokok
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Abstract
Abstract
The law of smoking in the view of Islamic law is still a matter of debate. This is because there is no legal basis for smoking in the Al-Qur'an and Hadith. Smoking can also endanger health both for siper smokers and those exposed to secondhand smoke (passive smoking). Thus, the Tarjih Council and the Tajdid Muhammadiyah prohibited smoking because it contradicts the elements of the objective of the Shari'a (benefit) and contains a lot of harm. The method used in this research is literature, the nature of the research is analytic descriptive (collecting research data through documents and analyzing it with current conditions). The approach used is Nortmsative-Sociological. The methods used are Deductive and Inductive. Tarjih and Tajdid Council issued a fatwa in Decision No. 6/SM/MTT/III/2010 concerning the prohibition of smoking with the intent and purpose of the Shari'a, namely, it is obligatory to immediately seek maintenance in order to realize the benefit of mankind. This fatwa is implemented gradually with ease and without complication. This is because this fatwa is binding only to the extent of being morally binding, so it still needs public awareness and understanding in order to stop smoking for the benefit of themselves and others. This fatwa is also applied to active maqasid sharia.
Abstrak
Merokok dalam pandangan hukum Islam masih menjadi pro dan kontra di masyarakat . Hal ini karena tidak ada landasan syariat atas permasalahan mengenai merokok dalam Al-Qur’an dan Hadis. Merokok juga dapat membahayakan kesehatan baik bagi perokok maupun orang yang berada di sekitar pe rokok (perokok pasif). Sehingga, Muhammadiyah dalam Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid mengharamkan rokok karena bertentangan dengan unsur-unsur tujuan syariat (kemaslahatan) dan banyak mengandung mudharat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kepustakaan, sifat penelitiannya diskriptif analitik (mengumpulkan data penelitian melalui dokumen dan menganalisis dengan kondisi yang terjadi saat ini). Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah Nortmatif-Sosiologis. Metode yang digunakan adalah Deduktif dan Induktif. Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid mengeluarkan fatwa dalam Putusan No. 6/SM/MTT/III/2010 tentang haram merokok yang bertujuan untuk mencapai syariat yaitu, hukumnya wajib untuk melakukan upaya-upaya pemeliharaan guna mewujudkan kemaslahatan umat manusia. Fatwa ini diterapkan secara berangsur, kemudahan, dan tidak mempersulit. Hal tersebut karena fatwa ini bersifat mengikat hanya sebatas mengikat secara moral, sehingga tetap butuh kesadaran dan pemahaman masyarakat agar berhenti merokok demi kemaslahatan diri dan orang lain. Fatwa ini juga diterapkan untuk mencapai maqasid syariah.
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