KONSTRUKSI MODEL PENDIDIKAN PESANTREN: Diskursus Fundamentalisme dan Liberalisme dalam Islam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21154/altahrir.v18i1.1161Keywords:
konstruksi, pendidikan pesantren, liberalism, fundamantalismeAbstract
Abstract:The role of pesantren education, since several centuries ago has contributed greatly to social reality. This view is inseparable from the role of pesantren as the last moral bastion of all models of Islamic education, even seen as the oldest Islamic education in Indonesia. From the sociological persperctive, the portrait of the presence of pesantren gave birth to the values of local wisdom as a subculture of pesantren which is believed to be the core belief and core values towards the implementation of Islamic education in the midst of intense liberalism and fundamentalism. Therefore, to provide a holistic understanding of this study, the author uses the social constructiontheory betweendialectics i.e., externalization, objectivation and internalization. According to the theoritical perspective, the process of creating the value system above is part of the externalization which is believed as objectivation by society as the internalized value systemwithin pesantren. Such value internalizationbecomes a social capital of pesantren to developa moderate-inclusive pesantren education, as a consequence of liberalism and fundamantalism. Because essentially, the dynamics of pesantren education is always in contact with the its surrounding social reality (historical determinism and practical realism) this view gives birth to two models of education namely; pesantren is seen as cultural enlightenment, and the dynamics of pesantren education can be influenced by social reality, including the birth of liberalism and fundamentalism which contributed to colour pesantren education portrait;more significantly pesantren education emphasized on the principle of togetherness (ijtima'iyyah), justice and tolerance (tasamuh) to social liberation (taharrur).
الملخص: الدور تربية المعهد الاسلامي، منذ عدة قرون مضت إلى Øد كبير ÙÙŠ الواقع الاجتماعي، لا يمكن Ùصلها وجهة نظر من مشية الصعود كما معقل الأخلاقي الماضي من كاÙØ© طرازات التربية الإسلامية، Øتى يعتبر أقدم التربية الإسلامية ÙÙŠ إندونيسيا. اجتماعيًا، وجود المعهد الاسلامي توليد القيم الØكمة المØلية، وثقاÙØ© Ùرعية داخلية التي يعتقد أن تكون قيمة خط الأساس, لتنÙيذ خضم التربية الإسلامية المتنامية الليبرالية والأصولية. لذلك، لتوÙير Ùهم شامل لهذا البØØ«ØŒ يستخدم الباØØ« نظرية البناء الاجتماعي بين الديالكتيك (الخارجية, الداخلية, والموضوعية) ÙÙŠ نظرية وعملية خلق القيمة ÙÙŠ النظام المذكور أعلاه، وهي جزء من نظرة الخارجية يعتقد أن الموضوعية من قبل الجمهور كنظام معدل الاستيعاب ÙÙŠ المعهد, قيم استيعاب أعلاه، رأس المال الاجتماعي لبناء تربية المعهد الاسلامي معتدلة شاملة لنتيجة الليبرالية,Ùˆ ÙÙŠ الوقعية، ارتباط بين تربية معهد الإسلامية هي مع الواقع , الØتمية التاريخية مع الواقعية العملية. أعطى هذا الرأي ولادة إلى نموذجين، وهي التعليم؛ المعهدالاسلامي ينظر إليها على أنها التنوير الثقاÙية, والتعليمية من المعهد الإسلامي يمكن أن تتأثر بالواقع الاجتماعي، بما ÙÙŠ ذلك ولادة الليبرالية والأصولية التي تأخذ تربية المعاهد الإسلامية, مزيد من التركيز بشكل كبير على مبادئ العمل الجماعي والعدالة ÙˆØ§Ù„ØªØ³Ø§Ù…Ø Ù„ØªØرير الاجتماعي.
Abstrak: Peran pendidikan pesantren, sejak beberapa abad yang lalu telah memberikan kontribusi besar terhadap realitas sosial, pandangan tersebut tidak lepas dari kiprah pesantren sebagai benteng moral terakhir dari segala model pendidikan Islam, bahkan dipandang sebagai pendidikan Islam tertua di Indonesia. Secara sosiologis, potret kehadiran pesantren melahirkan nilai-nilai kearifan lokal (local wisdom) sebagai subkultur pesantren yang diyakini menjadi nilai dasar (core belief and core values) terhadap penyelenggaraan pendidikan Islam di tengah gencarnya liberalisme dan fundamentalisme. Karena itu, untuk memberikan pemahaman holistik terhadap kajian ini, penulis menggunakan teori (social construction) antara dialektika (ekternalisasi, objektivasi dan internalisasi). Dalam perspektif teori, proses terciptanya sistem nilai di atas merupakan bagian dari ekternalisasi diyakini sebagai objektivasi oleh masyarakat sebagai sistem nilai internalisasi dalam pesantren. Internalisasi nilai-nilai di atas menjadi modal sosial (social capital) pesantren untuk membangun pendidikan pesantren moderat-inklusif, sebagai dampak dari liberalime dan fundamantalisme. Karena pada hakikatnya, dinamisasi pendidikan pesantren selalu bersentuhan dengan realitas sosial yang mengitarinya antara (determinisme historis dengan realisme praktis). Pandangan ini melahirkan dua model pendidikan, yaitu pesantren dipandang sebagai pencerahan kultural, dan dinamika pendidikan pesantren dapat pengaruhi oleh realitas sosial, termasuk lahirnya liberalisme dan fundamentalisme yang turut ikut mewarnai potret pendidikan pesantren, secara signifikan pendidikan pesantren lebih menekankan pada prinsip kebersamaan (ijtima’iyyah), keadilan (adalah) dan toleransi (tasamuh) menuju pembebasan (taharrur) sosial.
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