Pembaruan Regulasi Terorisme dalam Menangkal Radikalisme dan Fundamentalisme
Abstract
Abstract: Terrorism is categorized as extraordinary crime and causes death and loss of property, disturbing the stability of the economy and state security. The attributes given by Western Europe and the USA to radical Islamic movements such as militants, group of right Islam, fundamentalism to terrorism, are interesting to study. The Government issued a regulation to counter terrorism including Law Number 15 of 2003 about combating crimal acts of terorism, Law Number 9 of 2013 about Preventing and Combating Funding Crimal Acts of Terorism, Presidential Regulation Number 46 of 2010 about Establishment of a National Counterterrorism Agency amended by Presidential Regulation No. 12 of 2012. However, by paying attention to the acts of terrorism so far, criminal law reform must be carried out in counteracting terrorism in the country, including finding the root of the problem of the emergence of acts of terrorism by using theories, concepts, legal principles and interpretations in order realize fair legal protection for citizens.
الملخص :كان الجدال الفكري بين الوطنية والإسلام دائما ينتهي إلى القضيتين الرئيسيتين هما العلاقة بين المسلم وغير المسلم والقانون السماوي والقانون الوضعي. والأساس الذي لابد من تأسيسه هو الوعي بأن الإسلام هو دين الإنسانية. والإيديولوجى الديني كثيرا ما يستعمل تحريضا لتصحيح الجهاد عن طريق الحركة العنفية . والموقف السياسي الديني بدون ربطه بالسياق الاجتماعي الثقافي فإنه يؤثّر في نموذج التديّن غير المتسامح ولا يحترم الحقوق الإنسانية. ينمو هذا النموذج من التدين بنشوء الآراء السياسية عن إقامة الدولة الإسلامية نتيجة آثار الحركات عبر الوطنية التي ليس لها الوعي بالحكم المحلّيّة وردّها عن فكرة الدولة القومية. استخدم هذا البحث نظرية السيكولوجي السياسي ونظرية الهوية الاجتماعية لتحليل إمكانية وقوع التطرف في المجتمع .
Abstrak: Terorisme dikualifikasikan sebagai kejahatan sangat luar biasa (extraordinary crime) dan menyebabkan korban jiwa serta harta benda, mengganggu stabilitas perkenomian dan keamanan negara. Atribut yang diberikan oleh Eropa Barat dan USA terhadap gerakan Islam radikal seperti kaum militan, Islam kanan, fundamentalisme sampai terorisme, menjadi menarik untuk dikaji. Pemerintah mengeluarkan regulasi untuk menangkal terorisme di antaranya Undang-undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2003 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Terorisme, Undang-Undang Nomor 9 Tahun 2013 tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pendanaan Terorisme, Peraturan Presiden Nomor 46 Tahun 2010 tentang Pembentukan Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme yang diubah dengan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 12 Tahun 2012. Namun demikian dengan memperhatikan sepak terjang terorisme selama ini maka harus dilakukan pembaruan Hukum Pidana dalam menangkal Terorisme di tanah air, termasuk mencari akar masalah munculnya tindakan terorisme dengan menggunakan teori, konsep, asas dan interpretasi hukum dalam rangka mewujudkan perlindungan hukum yang adil bagi warga negara.
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