Print Culture and Local Islamic Identity in West Java: Qur’ānic Commentaries in Sundanese Islamic Magazines (1930-2015)
Abstract views: 713
,
PDF downloads: 377
Abstract
Abstract: This article focuses on the construction of Islam-Sunda identity in West Java which is reflected in the rubric of the qur’ānic commentary or tafsīr in the Sundanese print media. My object matter is six Sundanese Islamic magazines published between 1930-2015, i.e. Tjahja Islam, Al-Imtisal, Al-Mawa'idz, Almoechtar, Iber and Bina Da’wah using the analysis of identity construction. Although Sundanese Muslims devided into traditionalist and modernist, I confirm that all Sundanese Islamic magazines show the local Islamic identity which is called as Islam-Sunda. The identity of Islam-Sunda in the magazine rubric of qur’ānic commentary can be seen at following aspects: the interpretation of surahs which have an important role in Sundanese daily life, the interpretation of Islamic stories, the use of Sundanese phrases that touch their hearts, the formation of a pious Sundanese personality and the involvement of Islamic scholars or ajengan as an exegete of the Qur’ān. This study asserts that the magazine rubric of qur’ān commentary is not only have a lot of Islamic messages, but also to be an expression of Islamic identity in Sundanese print media.
الملخص: تركز هذه المقالة على بناء الهوية الإسلامية السونداوية في جاوة الغربية التي تنعكس في عناوين التفسير القرآن عن وسائل الإعلام المطبوعة السونداوية. والموضوع من ذلك هو ستة مجلات السونداوية نُشرت من خلال سنة ١٩٣٠-٢٠١٥، وهي: سحيا الإسلام (Cahya Islam)، والامتثال (al-Imtisal)، والمواعظ (Al-Mawa’idz)، والمختار (Almoechtar)، وإيبير (Iber)، وبينا دعوة (Bina Da’wah). فمن خلال تحليل البناء الهوية, أكد هذا البحث أنه على الرغم من وجود تنوع في الديانات الإسلامية في جاوة الغربية، بين التقليديين والحداثيين، إلا أنها جميعًا تظهر على نفس الهوية الإسلامية المحلية. وتلك الهوية تظهر في عناوين التفسير القرأن عن المجلات, مثل: التعريض تفاسيرالسورة الوظيفية في الحياة اليومية السونداوية، وتفسير الاية عن القصص الإسلامية، واستعمال العبارة السونداوية الإسلامية التي تتأثر الى القلب، ومهمة تشكيل الشخصية السونداوية الصالحة, وإشتراك اجانجان (ajengan) كالمفسر. وتدل هده على أن عناوين التفسير القرأن في المجلات لا تملأ بالرسائل الدينية فحسب، بل أنه كجزء من التعبير عن الهوية الإسلامية السونداوية في وسائل الإعلام المطبوعة.
Abstrak: Artikel ini memfokuskan pada masalah konstruksi identitas Islam Sunda di Jawa Barat yang tercermin dalam rubrik tafsir Al-Qur’an di media cetak Sunda. Objeknya adalah enam majalah Sunda yang terbit antara tahun 1930-2015, yakni Tjahja Islam, Al-Imtisal, Al-Mawa’idz, Almoechtar, Iber dan Bina Da’wah. Melalui analisis konstruksi identitas, kajian ini menegaskan bahwa meski terdapat ragam keberagamaan Islam di Jawa Barat, antara tradisionalis dan modernis, tetapi semua menunjukkan identitas Islam lokal yang hampir sama, yakni konstruksi identitas Islam. Dalam rubrik tafsir Al-Qur’an, identitas tersebut bisa dilihat dalam sajian penafsiran surah-surah yang sangat fungsional dalam keseharian orang Sunda, tafsir kisah-kisah Islami, penggunaan ungkapan Sunda Islami yang mengena dalam hati, misi pembentukan pribadi Sunda yang saleh dan keterlibatan ajengan sebagai mufasir. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa rubrik tafsir di majalah tidak hanya sarat dengan pesan keagamaan, tetapi juga menjadi bagian dari ekspresi identitas Islam Sunda dalam media cetak.
Downloads
References
Abdullah, Irwan. Konstruksi dan Reproduksi Kebudayaan (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2007), cet. ke-2.
Armando, Ade. “Citra Kaum Pembaharu Islam dalam Propaganda Media Dakwah,” Ulumul Qur'an, Vol. 4, No. 3, 1993.
Bamualim, Chaider S. “Negotiating Islamisation and resistance: a study of religions, politics and social change in West Java from the early 20th Century to the present,” Dissertation, Leiden University, 2015.
Bluhm-Warn, Jutta. “A Preliminary Statement on the Dialogue Established between the Reform Magazine Al-Manar and the Malay-Indonesian World,” Indonesia Circle, No. 32, 1983: 35-42.
Bowie, Fiona. The Anthropology of Religion, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2001.
Burhanuddin, “The Conspiracy of Jews: The Quest for Anti-Semitism in Media Dakwah,” Graduate Journal of Asia Pacific Studies, 5: 2 (2007): 53-76.
Burhanudin, Jajat. “Aspiring for Islamic Reform: Southeast Asian Requests for Fatwas in Al-Manar,” Islamic Law and Society, Vol. 12/1, 2005: 9-26.
_______. Islamic Knowledge, Authority and Political Power: The ‘Ulama in Colonial Indonesia, Thesis, Leiden University, 2007.
Danasasmita dkk., Saleh. Sewaka Darma, Sanghyang Siksa Kandang Karesian dan Amanat Galunggung, Bandung: Bagian Proyek Penelitian dan Pengkajian Kebudayaan Sunda (Sundanologi) Dirjen Kebudayaan Depdikbud Bandung, 1987.
Ekadjati, Edi S. “Paguyuban Pasundan: A Sundanese Revival (1913-1918),” Journal of Asian and African Studies, No.66, 2003: 21-51.
Eriksen, Thomas Hylland. Ethnicity and Nationalism: Anthropological Perspectives, London: Pluto Press, 1995.
Falah, Miftahul. Sejarah Kota Tasikmalaya, 1820-1942, Bandung: Uga Tatar Sunda-Yayasan Masyarakat Sejarawan Indonesia Cabang Jawa Barat, 2010.
Falah, Miftahul. “Pers di Kota Tasikmalaya, 1900-1942,” Sosiohumaniora, Vol. 14, No. 2, Juli 2012: 116-131.
Federspiel, Howard M. Popular Indonesian Literature of the Qur’an (Ithaca, New York: Cornel Modern Indonesia Project, 1994).
_______. Islam and Ideology in the Emerging Indonesian State: The Persatuan Islam (Persis), 1923 to 1957, Leiden: Brill, 2001.
Foucault, Michel. “The Order of Discourse”, dalam Robert Young, Untying Texts: A Post Strcturalist Reader, London: Routledge and Keagen Paul, 1981: 52-61
Gusmian, Islah. Khazanah Tafsir Indonesia, Jakarta: Teraju, 2002.
_______. “Tafsir Al-Qur’an dan Kritik Sosial: Syu’bah Asa dalam Dinamika Tafsir Al-Qur’an di Indonesia,” Maghza, Vol. 1, No.2, 2016: 67-80.
Hefner, Robert W. “Print Islam: Mass Media and Ideological Rivalries among Indonesian Muslims, Indonesia, 67 (1997): 77-102.
Horikoshi, Hiroko. Kyai dan Perubahan Sosial, terj. Umar Basalim dan Andi Muarly Sunrawa, Jakarta: P3M, 1987.
Ibrahim, Sulaiman. Tafsir Al-Qur’an Bahasa Bugis: Vernakularisasi dalam Kajian Tafsir al-Munir, Disertasi, Jakarta: UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, 2012.
Ichwan, Moch. Nur. “Differing Responses to an Ahmadi Translation and Exegesis: The Holy Qur'ân in Egypt and Indonesia,” Archipel, Volume 62, 2001: 143-161.
Iskandar, Mohammad. Para Pengemban Amanah, Pergulatan Pemikiran Kiai dan Ulama di Jawa Barat, 1900-1950. Yogyakarta: Mata Bangsa, 2001.
Iskandarwassid, “Le pantun soundanais. Quelques aspects historiques et culturels,” Archipel. Volume 12, 1976: 121-146.
Junaidi, Akhmad Arif. Tafsir Al-Qur’an Al-Azhim Karya Raden Pengulu Tafsir Anom, Disertasi IAIN Walisongo Semarang, 2012.
Kurnia, Atep. “Melacak Media Islam Berbahasa Sunda”, dalam rubrik “Selisik” HU. Pikiran Rakyat, Senin, 27 November 2017.
_______. “Tasikmalaya sebagai Pusat Media Islam”, dalam rubrik “Selisik” HU. Pikiran Rakyat, Senin, 27 November 2017.
_______. “Para Kiai Berperan dalam Penerbitan Media Islam”, dalam rubrik “Selisik” HU. Pikiran Rakyat, Senin, 27 November 2017.
Lahpan, Neneng Yanti Khozanatu. “Negotiating Ethnicity and Islam in Musical Performances in West Java Indonesia,” Dissertation, Monash University, 2015.
Liddle, R. William. “Media Dakwah Scripturalism: One Form of Islamic Political Thought and Action in New Order Indonesia," dalam Mark R. Woodward, Toward a New Paradigm: Recent Developments in Indonesian Islamic Thought (Tempe: Arizona State University, 1996): 323-56.
Liddle, R. William. “Skripturalisme Media Dakwah: Satu Bentuk Pemikiran dan Aksi Politik Islam Masa Orde Baru,” dalam Islam, Politik dan Modernisasi, Jakarta: Sinar Harapan, 1997: 100-134.
Millie, Julian. Splashed by the saint: Ritual reading and Islamic sanctity in West Java, Leiden: KITLV Press, 2009.
_______. dan Syarif, Dede. Islam dan Regionalisme, Bandung: Kiblat, 2015.
_______. “Supplicating, Naming, Offering: Tawassul in West Java,” Journal of South East Asian Studies, 39 (1), 2008.
Moriyama, Mikihiro. Semangat Baru: Kolonialisme, Budaya Cetak dan Kesastraan Sunda Abad ke-19, terj. Suryadi, Jakarta: KPG (Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia), 2003.
Muchoyyar HS, M. KH. Muhammad Shalih Al-Samarani: Studi Tafsir Faid Al-Rahman fi Tarjamah Tafsir Kalam Malik Al-Dayyan, Disertasi, Yogyakarta: UIN Sunan Kalijaga, 2000.
Muhsin, Imam. Tafsir Al-Qur’an dan Budaya Lokal: Nilai-nilai Budaya Jawa dalam Tafsir Al-Huda Karya Bakri Syahid, Disertasi, Yogyakarta: UIN Sunan Kalijaga, 2008.
Mustafa, Ii Baihaqi. KH. M. Rusyad Nurdin: Ulama, Pejuang, Politikus, Pemimpin Demokrat, Pendidik, dan Pendakwah, Bandung: Multipro-LPESKI Yuavin, 2005.
Naqiyah, “Contextual Tafsir in the Risalah Nahdlatul Ulama Magazine (A New Model of Indonesian Tafsir),” Istiqro’, Vol. 15, No. 01, 2017: 205-230.
Noer, Deliar. Gerakan Moderen Islam di Indonesia 1900-1942, Jakarta: LP3ES, 1996, cet. ke-8.
Panitia Kamus Lembaga Basa & Sastra Sunda (LBSS), Kamus Umum Basa Sunda, (Bandung: Tarate, 1985).
Redfield, Robert. Peasant Society and Culture, An Anthropological Approach to Civilization, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1956.
Rohmana, Jajang A. Nilai Budaya dalam Tafsir Al-Qur’an Berbahasa Sunda, Disertasi, Bandung: UIN Sunan Gunung Djati, 2013.
_______. Sejarah Tafsir Al-Qur’an di Tatar Sunda, Bandung: Mujahid-Diktis Kemenag RI, 2014.
_______. “Al-Qur’ān wa al-Isti‘mār: Radd al-Shaykh al-Ḥājj Ahmad Sanusi (1888-1950) ‘alá al-Isti‘mār min Khilāl Tafsīr Mal’ja’ al-Ṭālibīn, Studia Islamika, Vol. 22, No. 2, 2015: 297-332;
_______. “Polemik Keagamaan dalam Tafsir Malja’ al-Talibin Karya KH. Ahmad Sanusi,” Suhuf, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2017: 25-58.
Rosidi, Ajip. “My Experiences in Recording Pantun Sunda,” Indonesia, 16, 1973, hlm. 106-107;
_______. Babasan & Paribasa: Kabeungharan Basa Sunda, (Bandung: Kiblat Buku Utama, 2005).
_______. “Pandangan Hidup Orang Sunda Seperti Nampak dalam Peribahasa”, dalam Cik Hasan Bisri dkk., Pergumulan Islam dengan Kebudayaan Lokal di Tatar Sunda (Bandung: Kaki Langit, 2005).
Rusyana dkk., Yus. Pandangan Hidup Orang Sunda, Seperti Tercermin dalam Masyarakat Dewasa ini (Tahap III), Bandung: Depdikbud, Dirjen Kebudayaan, Direktorat Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional, 1988/1989.
Salim et.al., Hairus. Ensiklopedi Jawa Barat, Yogyakarta: Mata Bangsa, 2018.
Satjadibrata, R. Kamus Basa Sunda, Bandung: PT Kiblat Buku Utama, 2005.
Shiraishi, Takashi. Zaman Bergerak: Radikalisme Rakyat di Jawa, 1912-1926, Jakarta: PT. Pustaka Utama Grafiti, 2005, cet. ke-2.
Suryadinata, Leo., Arifin, Evi Nurvidya., dan Ananta, Aris. Indonesia's Population: Ethnicity and Religion in a Changing Political Landscape (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2003).
Syukur, Abdul. “Islam, Etnisitas dan Politik Identitas: Kasus Sunda,” Miqot, Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Keislaman, Vol. XXXV, No. 2, Juli-Desember 2011.
Warnaen dkk., Suwarsih. Pandangan Hidup Orang Sunda, Seperti Tercermin dalam Tradisi Lisan dan Sastra Sunda, Bandung: Bagian Proyek Penelitian dan Pengkajian Kebudayaan Sunda (Sundanologi), Dirjen Kebudayaan, Depdikbud, 1987.
Wessing, Robert. Cosmology and Social Behaviour in a West Javanese Settlement. Ohio University: Center for International Studies Southeast Asia Series No. 47, 1978.
Wijaya, Rubaie. “Publikasi djeung Pers Islam”, At-Taqwaa Madjallah Boelanan edisi No. 22, Oktober 1950.
Wildan, Dadan. “Pergulatan Persatuan Islam (Persis) Dalam Dakwah Di Tatar Sunda (Kajian Terhadap Majalah Sunda “Iber” Sebagai Media Dakwah Berbahasa Sunda),” Konferensi Internasional Budaya Sunda II, Gedung Merdeka, 19-22 Desember 2011.
Wirakusumah, Momon., dan Djajawiguna, Buldan. Kandaga Tata Basa Sunda (Bandung: Ganaco, 1957).
Zuhdi, M Nurdin. Pasar Raya Tafsir Indonesia,dari Kontestasi Metodologi hingga Kontekstualisasi, Yogyakarta: Kaukaba, 2014.
Sundanese Islamic Magazines
Bina Da’wah No. 85, Taun VIII, 1986.
Bina Da’wah No. 425 Syawal 1436 H/Agustus 2015 M.
Iber, No. 164 Tahun ke-VII (1974).
Iber No. 177, 27 bulan Djulhijjah 1402 H (15 Oktober 1982).
Iber No. 178, Muharam 1403 H (Nopember 1982), Th. XVII.
Iber No. 403, 15 Agustus 2001.
Al-Imtisal, No. 21, 5 Desember 1930, Tahun ka-5.
Al-Imtisal, No. 24, 1 Poeasa 1349 (20 Januari 1931) Taun ka 5.
Al-Imtisal, No. 4, 1 Hapit 1349 (26 Maret 1931), Tahun ke-5.
Al-Imtisal, No. 9 15 Moeharam 1350 (2 Juni 1931) Tahun ka-6.
Madjalah Al-Mushlih, No. 1, 15 Agustus 1952 (24 Dzulqa’dah 1371).
Madjalah Al-Mushlih, No. 4, 1 Oktober 1952.
Al-Mawa’idz (Pangrodjong Nahdlatoel Oelama), No. 1, 18 Juli 1933, Tahun ka I.
Almoechtar, No. 1, 1 Januari 1933 (4 Ramadhan 1351), Tahoen ka 1.
Almoechtar, Nomor 22, 15 November 1936 atau 30 Rewah 1355, Tahun ke-4.
Al-Moe’min, Nomer 1, Maandblad, Tahoen ka 1, Moeloed 1351, 5 Juli 1932.
Tjahja Islam, No. 1, 1 Juli1930 (4 Sapar 1349) Tahoen ka 1.
Copyright (c) 2019 Al-Tahrir: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Please find the rights and licenses in Al-Tahrir. By submitting the article/manuscript of the article, the author(s) agree with this policy. No specific document sign-off is required.
1. License
The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
2. Author(s)' Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author(s), has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author(s).
3. User/Public Rights
Al-Tahrir's spirit is to disseminate articles published are as free as possible. Under the Creative Commons license, Al-Tahrir permits users to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work for non-commercial purposes only. Users will also need to attribute authors and Al-Tahrir on distributing works in the journal and other media of publications. Unless otherwise stated, the authors are public entities as soon as their articles got published.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain all their rights to the published works, such as (but not limited to) the following rights;
- Copyright and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
- The right to use the substance of the article in own future works, including lectures and books,
- The right to reproduce the article for own purposes,
- The right to self-archive the article,
- The right to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the article's published version (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal (Al-Tahrir).
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was jointly prepared by more than one author, any authors submitting the manuscript warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to be agreed on this copyright and license notice (agreement) on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this policy. Al-Tahrir will not be held liable for anything that may arise due to the author(s) internal dispute. Al-Tahrir will only communicate with the corresponding author.
6. Royalties
Being an open accessed journal and disseminating articles for free under the Creative Commons license term mentioned, author(s) aware that Al-Tahrir entitles the author(s) to no royalties or other fees.
7. Miscellaneous
Al-Tahrir will publish the article (or have it published) in the journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed. Al-Tahrir's editors may modify the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization, referencing and usage that deems appropriate. The author acknowledges that the article may be published so that it will be publicly accessible and such access will be free of charge for the readers as mentioned in point 3.
