PEMIKIRAN GUS DUR TENTANG PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DAN KEARIFAN LOKAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21154/al-tahrir.v15i1.172Abstract
Abstract: Education which emphasized on cognition domain should be changed by balancing it with skills (psychomotor) and attitudes (affective). It is intended that education is able to produce savvy generations who have high moral standards. To that end, KH Abdurrahman Wahid -or better known as Gus Dur- had a concept of character building in education by promoting morality in education. Character building in education is the education which is based on local wisdom. Local wisdom is social norms and values contained in tradition and customs as well as in Islamic teachings that govern how a balance should be established between carrying capacity of the natural environment, lifestyle, and the needs of human beings. In the language of Gus Dur, local wisdom was called the indigenization of Islam in which the teachings of Islam and local traditions were used as a moral basis in the real life of people. Because the cultivation of moral values could be done through education, the local wisdom should be the basic concept of education process. Customs become an integral part in daily life, while religion becomes a way of life to conform to the guidance of Allah. Local wisdom formed from local traditions and locality of religious teachings was able to provide life lessons that were useful for the development process of maturity through the educational process.
الملخص: إن التربية المÙضّلة الجانب المعرÙÙŠ ”“ كما يقع الآن - لابد من تركها، ويكون البديل هو الموازنة بين الجانب المعرÙÙŠ والجانب النÙسØركي والمهني. والهد٠من هذا تخريج الطلاب أو الأجيال الأذكياء المتأدّبين المتخلّقين. ÙˆÙÙŠ هذا كان لكياهي الØاج عبد الرØمن ÙˆØيد المعرو٠بغوسدور Ùكرة عن التربية الخلقية وهي التربية التي اهتمّت كثيرا بالجانب الخلقيّ. وهذا النوع من التربية على أساس الØكمة المØلّية. وهذه الØكمة المØلية هي القيم التي اشتمل عليها التقاليد وكذلك التعاليم الإسلامية. إن هذه الØكمة المØلية ”“ كما طرØها عبد الرØمن ÙˆØيد ”“ هي Ø¨Ù…ØµØ·Ù„Ø " توطين الإسلام "ØŒ ويعني به جعل التعاليم الإسلامية والتقاليد المØلية أساسا خلقيا ÙÙŠ واقع Øياة المجتمع. وبسبب إمكانية غرس القيم الخلقية عن طريق التربية، Ùإن الØكمة المØلية ( العادات والتقاليد والتعاليم الإسلامية ) لابد أن تكون روØا لعملية هذه التربية. وكانت العادات والتقاليد عنصرا لا ينÙÙƒ عن Øياة المجتمع اليومية. وتكون هذه القيم من العادات والتقاليد أساسا خلقيا ÙÙŠ السلوكيات والأÙعال. وأما التعاليم الدينية Ùتكون دستورا للØياة لتتمشّى مع Ø£Øكام الله. وكانت الØكمة المØلية المستمدّة من Ù…Øلية التعاليم الدينية تعطي درسا ÙÙŠ الØياة الناÙع لعملية تطوّر شخصية الرجل، وبالطبع عن طريق التربية.
Abstrak: Pendidikan yang selama ini mengedepankan ranah kognisi (pengetahuan) belaka harus diubah melalui penyeimbangan pengetahuan dengan sikap dan keterampilan. Hal ini bertujun agar pendidikan mampu melahirkan generasi yang cerdas dan bermoral. Untuk itu, KH Abdurrahman Wahid ”“atau lebih dikenal dengan sapaan Gus Dur- memiliki konsep tentang pendidikan karakter dengan mengedepankan moralitas dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan. Pendidikan karakter yang dimaksud adalah pendidikan karakter yang berbasis pada kearifan lokal. Kearifan lokal tersebut merupakan nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam tradisi dan juga ajaran agama Islam. Dalam bahasa Gus Dur, kearifan lokal itu disebut dengan Pribumisasi Islam, di mana ajaran agama Islam dan tradisi lokal dijadikan landasan moral dalam kehidupan nyata kehidupan masyarakat. Karena penanaman nilai-nilai moral dapat dilakukan melalui pendidikan, maka kearifan lokal (tradisi dan ajaran agama Islam) harus dijadikan ruh dalam proses pendidikan tersebut. Adat kebiasaan dalam suatu tatanan masyarakat menjadi bagian yang tak terpisahkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Norma adat yang yang berlaku menjadi landasan moral dalam berperilaku. Sedangkan ajaran agama menjadi pedoman hidup agar sesuai dengan tuntunan Allah SWT. Kearifan lokal yang terbentuk dari tradisi lokal dan lokalitas ajaran agama mampu memberikan pelajaran hidup yang berguna bagi proses perkembangan kedewasaan seseorang melalui proses pendidikan.
Keywords : Gus Dur, pendidikan karakter, kearifan lokal
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