Faktor Psikologis dan Sosiologis Kemunculan Aliran Sesat Aliran Quraniyah di Jawa Barat
Abstract
Abstract: Phenomena of the emergence of a cult in Indonesia have been addressing with a more theological approach. Nevertheless, the problem of the emergence of a cult is not only seen as a problem of deviation or heresy of religion but also as social and psychological problems. This article describes the emergence of a cult with two backgrounds by making “aliran Quraniyah” in West Java as a case. In addition, the emergence of this cult is caused by two aspects: external and internal. External aspects related to the economic and social problems experienced by Rohmansyah, the founders of this cult who was experiencing economic crisis and also various socio-religious issues those are not in line with his expectations and perceptions. Meanwhile, the internal aspects associated with symptoms of psychological disorders experienced by Rohmansyah. Finally, factors that causing the emergence of a cult is not only a matter of heresy, but also sociological and psychological.
الخلاصة: ظهور مظاهر طائفة مضلّة فى اندونيسيا يعتبرها الناس حسب نهج الهي, وفى الحقيقة, ماكانت الطائفة المضلّة عبارة عن التشوية والاشاءة الى الاديان فحسب ولكنّها من المسألة الاجتماعية والنفسية. هذه الكتابة تبيّن ظهور مظاهر الطائفة المضلّة بهاتين خلفية البحث وجعل الطائفة القرانية بجاوى الغربية كما هو الحال. ظهور مظاهر طائفة مضلّة على الاجمال مبدوء بجانبين : يعنى العامل الخارجى والعامل الداخلى . العامل الداخلى يتعلق بالاقتصادية والاجتماعية كما سلكه رحمان ساح, فاِنّه يقابل المشاكل الاقتصادية والاجتماعية فى حياته. وكان هذا الواقع بعيدا عن التوقعات و التصوّرات فى حياته. وأمّا العامل الداخلى يتعلّق باعراض الاضطربات النفسية كما سلكه رحمان ساح. ولذلك, العوامل التى تفرص ظهور مظاهر طائفة مضلّة ليست بسبب اضطربات الفكرة فحسب, وانّما يظهر بسبب اخر, يعنى المشاكل الاجتماعية والنفسية
Abstrak: Berbagai fenomena kemunculan aliran sesat di Indonesia lebih banyak disikapi dengan pendekatan teologis. Namun demikian, masalah kemunculan aliran sesat tidak hanya dapat dilihat sebagai masalah penyimpangan atau penistaan agama, tetapi juga masalah sosial dan psikologis. Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan kemunculan aliran sesat dengan dua latar belakang tersebut dengan menjadikan aliran Quraniyah di Jawa Barat sebagai kasus. Secara umum, kemunculan aliran ini dilatarbelakangi dua aspek, yakni eksternal dan internal. Aspek eksternal terkait dengan problem ekonomi dan sosial yang dialami Rohmansyah sang pendiri aliran ini yang mengalami krisis ekonomi dan juga berbagai persoalan sosial-keagamaan yang tidak sesuai dengan harapan dan persepsinya selama ini. Sementara itu, aspek internal terkait dengan gejala kelainan psikologis yang dialami oleh Rohmansyah. Dengan demikian, faktor penyebab munculnya aliran sesat bukan hanya masalah kesesatan berpikir, tetapi juga problem sosiologis dan psikologis yang melingkupinya.
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