Education for Marginalized Communities as Alternative Solution an The Coastal Areas
Abstract
Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan dengan wilayah pesisir yang sangat luas yang membentang dan mengelilingi negeri ini. Banyak penduduk tinggal di daerah pesisir dengan mata pencaharian sebagai nelayan. sumber daya laut Indonesia sangat melimpah, namun sayangnya, tidak dibarengi dengan kualitas sumber daya manusia yang bagus. Secara umum, tingkat pendidikan masyarakat pesisir rendah. Akibatnya, mereka tidak dapat memanfaatkan sumber daya laut secara maksimal dan mereka hanya mengandalkan mata pencaharian sebagai nelayan atau buruh. Meskipun sumber daya laut sangat melimpah dan mereka dapat memperoleh uang dari pekerjaan kasar, namun mereka selalu mendapatkan banyak rintangan dan situasi yang tidak menentu. Situasi ini membuat mereka termarginalkan dalam banyak hal, terutama dalam ekonomi dan pendidikan. Pemerintah memang telah mengimplementasikan beberapa program seperti pendidikan formal dan pendidikan gratis. Namun masyarakat pesisir meresponsnya dengan malas karena pola pikir, budaya masyarakat, dan tuntutan ekonomi. Oleh karena itu, dalam konteks ini, mereka membutuhkan program terobosan seperti life skills berbasis pendidikan non-formal. Dengan begitu, pendidikan masyarakat pesisir akan meningkat, dan pada akhirnya, dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan mereka pula.
تتركّب إندونيسيا من آلاف أرخبيل، تحيط بها الولايات الشاطئية الواسعة. وثمة عدد كثير من السكّان يعيشون في شواطئ البحر ويعملون صيّادين للسمك. والموارد البحرية لإندونيسيا كثيرة وفائضة، ولكنّ الموارد البشرية فيها ضعيفة. وغالبا يكون المستوى التربوي لسكّان الشواطئ منخفضا ، وأدّى هذا إلى عدم قدراتهم في استفادة الموارد البحرية أحسن استفادة، ويعتمدون فقط على كونهم صيّادين للسمك أوعمّالا. ورغم أن الموارد البحرية غنيّة وفائضة هم يحصلون على المبالغ من النقود منها إلا أنهم يواجهون مشكلات وعقبات وظروف غير ثابتة. هذه الظروف تجعلهم كمجتمع طرفيّ في كثير من النواحي، خاصة في الناحية الاقتصادية والتربوية. وقد قامت الحكومة بإجراء عدد من الأنشطة مثل التربية الرسمية والتربية المجّانية. إلا أن استجابة المجتمع ضعيفة بسبب طريقة تفكيرهم وثقافتهم وحوائجهم المعاشية. بهذا الواقع الملموس فإنهم يحتاجون إلى أنشطة أخرى جديدة احتياطيّة، مثل تزويد القدرة على الحياة على أساس التربية غير الرسمية. بهذا سيترقّى المستوى التربوي لمجتمع الشواطئ، وفي الأخير أدى إلى ارتقاء رفاهيتهم وتحسّنها.
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