Integrating Adabul ‘Alim wal Muta’allim into EFL Teacher Professional Identity in the Indonesian Islamic University Context

Authors

  • Nuskhan Abid Universitas Negeri Semarang
  • Rudi Hartono Universitas Negeri Semarang
  • Rahayu Puji Haryanti Universitas Negeri Semarang
  • Hendi Pratama Universitas Negeri Semarang
  • Siti Marpuah Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
  • Eko Widianto University of Galway

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21154/cendekia.v24i1.13101

Keywords:

adabul ‘alim wal muta’allim, interconnection-integration, narrative inquiry, pedagogical ethics, teacher professional identity

Abstract

The integration of religious ethics within English as a Foreign Language (EFL) remains underdeveloped, often sidelined by an epistemological dichotomy between general and religious disciplines. This study investigates how the ethical dimensions of K.H. Hasyim Asy’ari’s classical text, Adabul ‘Alim wal Muta’allim, are integrated into the professional identity and pedagogical practices of English teachers at an Indonesian Islamic university. Employing a narrative inquiry, data were collected through in-depth interviews with five English teachers and observations. Findings indicate that the integration of adab is manifested in (1) intention and sincerity as part of teacher identity, (2) teachers as exemplary models of Islamic ethics, (3) Islamic ethics as non-discrimination and fairness pedagogy, and (4) harmonious relationships to foster an inclusive learning environment. Practical manifestations of adab integration in the teaching process include fair assessment practices and extraordinary patience with students' grammatical and pronunciation errors. This study contributes to Islamic education by providing a clear framework to bridge knowledge gaps and eliminate scientific dichotomies between secular language teaching and religious ethics, and offering an in-depth model for a holistic teacher identity. This study offers a model for updating the curriculum to integrate strong language skills with the development of religious ethics in teacher professional identity construction and pedagogical practices.

References

Abdullah, M. Amin. “Religion, Science, and Culture: An Integrated, Interconnected Paradigm of Science.” Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 52, no. 1 (2015): 175–203. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2014.521.175-203.

Abid, Nuskhan. “Mengintegrasikan Kearifan Lokal Gusjigang dan Nilai-Nilai Soft Skill dalam Proses Pembelajaran.” Elementary Islamic Teacher Journal 5, no. 2 (2017): 169–190. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/elementary.v5i1.2986.

Alfiyah, Nur, Aminatul Fattachil ‘Izza, Akhmad Nurul Kawakib, Mihmidati Hilmia, and Nurhalimah Hasibuan. “The Nature of the Teacher in the Perspective of KH. Hasyim Ash’ari and Imam Nawawi: An Analysis of the Book Adabul Alim Wal Muta’allim.” Jurnal Tatsqif 22, no. 2 (2024): 204–228. https://doi.org/10.20414/jtq.v22i2.11165.

Anku, Joyce. “Language Teacher Identity in a Non-Native Context: The Case of Teachers of English Language in Ghana.” LET: Linguistics, Literature and English Teaching Journal 14, no. 1 (2024): 1–28. https://doi.org/10.18592/let.v14i1.12374.

Astuti, Amrullah Fuji, Zulficar Ismail, and Tita Hasanah. “Konsep Akhlak Menurut KH Hasyim Asy’ari dalam Kitab Adab Al-Alim Wa Al-Muta’alim.” EduInovasi: Journal of Basic Educational Studies 2, no. 1 (2021): 24–36. https://doi.org/10.47467/edui.v2i1.661.

Asyʼari, Hasyim. Pendidikan Akhlak untuk Pengajar dan Pelajar. VI. Tebuireng: Pustaka Tebuireng dan Bina Ilmu Cukir, 2020.

Aulia, Mizar, Salminawati Salminawati, and Zaini Dahlan. “Transformative Islamic Education from the Perspective of KH. Hasyim Ashari in the Book of Adab Al-Alim Wa Al-Muta’allim.” Research and Development Journal of Education 11, no. 1 (2025): 682–692. https://doi.org/10.30998/rdje.v11i1.29012.

Az-Zarnuji, Imam. Adab di Atas Ilmu 3: Jalan Keberkahan dalam Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar. Yogyakarta: Diva Press, 2022.

Barkhuizen, Gary. “Narrative Inquiry.” In Research Methods in Applied Linguistics: A Practical Resource, edited by Brian Paltridge and Aek Phakiti. London: Bloomsbury, 2015.

Barkhuizen, Gary, P Benson, and A Chik. Narrative Inquiry in Language Teaching and Learning Research. Second Language Acquisition Research Series. New York: Routledge, 2013.

Basalama, Nonny, and Karmila Machmud. “The Influence of Role Model Affects Teacher Identity Development in English as a Foreign Language Teaching Context.” TESOL International Journal 13, no. 1 (2018): 41–53.

Clandinin, D. Jean. “Narrative Inquiry: A Methodology for Studying Lived Experience.” Research Studies in Music Education 27, no. 1 (2006): 44–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/1321103X060270010301.

Cooke, Sandra. “The Moral Work of Teaching: A Virtue-Ethics Approach to Teacher Education.” In The SAGE Handbook of Research on Teacher Education, edited by D. Jean Clandinin, Jukka Husu, and Sandra Cooke, 419–34. London: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2017. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781529716627.

Drusila, Lizette, Flores Delgado, Irlanda Olave Moreno, Ana Cecilia, and Villarreal Ballesteros. “The Impact of Role Modeling on the Professional Identity of Pre-Service Teachers.” Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics 10, no. 1 (2020): 143–152. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v10i1.25024.

Farchan, Moh Athok, Ning Rahayu Handayani, and Ningrum Wulandari. “Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter Santri Berbasis Kitab Adabul ‘Alim Wal Muta’Allim di Pondok Pesantren Tebuireng Jombang.” Al-Zayn: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum 3, no. 3 (2025): 2221–2229. https://doi.org/10.61104/ALZ.V3I3.1581.

Golombek, Paula R., and Karen E. Johnson. “Narrative Inquiry as a Mediational Space: Examining Emotional and Cognitive Dissonance in Second‐language Teachers’ Development.” Teachers and Teaching 10, no. 3 (2004): 307–327. https://doi.org/10.1080/1354060042000204388.

Hidayah, Ulil, Tobroni, and Faridi. “Islamisasi Integrasi Interkoneksi Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Agama Islam: Model Keilmuan di Perguruan Tinggi Islam.” AL-MUADDIB: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Kependidikan 5, no. 2 (2024): 306–320. https://doi.org/10.46773/muaddib.v5i2.897.

Hidayat, Wahyu, and Nur Hidayat. “Character Building Through Exemplification and Habitual Practices at API ASRI Islamic Boarding School Tegalrejo Magelang.” Journal of Islamic Education Management Research 2, no. 1 (2024): 39–48. https://doi.org/10.14421/jiemr.2024.21-05.

Husni, Oliver B. Wren, Lilis Nurteti, Muhamad Adnan bin Daud, and Selamet. “Islamic Religious Education in the Era of Environmental Crisis: Interfaith, Interdisciplinary, and Interplanetary Perspectives.” Cendekia: Jurnal Kependidikan dan Kemasyarakatan 23, no. 2 (2025): 287–302. https://doi.org/10.21154/cendekia.v23i2.11533.

Icka, Ejona, and Jasminka Kochoska. “The Influence of Teachers as an Ethical Model on the Students’ Development.” International Journal of Education Teacher 27, no. 27 (2024): 99–107. https://doi.org/10.20544/teacher.27.12.

Irwansyah, D., Andianto, and A. Madkur. “The Use of Islamic Literature to Teach Ethical English.” Journal of Language Teaching and Research 12, no. 5 (2021): 762–770. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1205.16.

Irwansyah, Dedi, and Yuniarti Yuniarti. “Integrating Quranic Stories Into English Language Teaching: Voices from Indonesia.” Global Journal Al-Thaqafah 11, no. 1 (2021): 13-23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7187/GJAT072021-2.

Johnston, Bill. English Teaching and Evangelical Mission: The Case of Lighthouse School. Bristol: Multilingual Matters, 2017. https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.22730701.

Jumatullailah, Siti Nurfebri, Arifin Maksum, and Nina Nurhasanah. “Literature Study: Analysis of the Role of Teachers as Models in Strengthening Character in Primary School Learners.” At-Taqaddum 16, no. 2 (2024): 128–139. https://doi.org/10.21580/at.v16i2.21138.

Karimnia, Amin, and Mohammad Reza Khodashenas. “Patterns of Politeness in Teacher-Student Interaction: Investigating an Academic Context.” Journal of Applied Linguistics and Applied Literature: Dynamics and Advances 5, no. 1 (2017): 69–87. https://doi.org/10.22049/JALDA.2018.26181.1055.

Kasman, Adi, M. Ikhwan, Darlis Azis. “Islamic Education as a Strengthening of Aqidah and Akhlaq in The Society 5.0 Era.” Cendekia: Jurnal Kependidikan dan Kemasyarakatan 20, no. 2 (2022): 181–189. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21154/cendekia.v20i2.4962.

Keskin, Magdalena, and Gökhan Öztürk. “Exploring the Perceptions Regarding Language Teacher Educator Identity: A Multiple Case Study on Three ELT Teacher Educators.” Pedagogika 148, no. 4 (2022): 85–105. https://doi.org/10.15823/p.2022.148.5.

Kristjansson, Carolyn. “English Language Teaching: Locating Faith in the Context of Local and Global Dynamics.” International Journal of Christianity and English Language Teaching 6, no. 1 (2019).

Lapsley, Daniel, and Ryan Woodbury. “Moral-Character Development for Teacher Education.” Action in Teacher Education 38, no. 3 (2016): 194–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/01626620.2016.1194785.

Liu, Chunyan. “The Construction and Path Exploration of Harmonious Relationship between Teachers and Students.” International Journal of New Developments in Education 4, no. 6 (2022): 8–12. https://doi.org/10.25236/ijnde.2022.040602.

Mahmoudi, Payam. “Role Model Teacher in the Development of Learners.” Journal of Humanities, Education and Cultural Reforms 1, no. 1 (2025): 33–41. https://doi.org/https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2933-1080.

Maksum, Ghufron, Muhtolib, Mahmurudin, Sulaeman, Wiwi Pertiwi, Hidayatul Azizah Gazali, Raudhatul Husna, et al. “Religious Values as Foundations of Education: Insights from Teachers’ Perspectives.” Research Journal in Advanced Humanities 6, no. 3 (2025): 1-22. https://doi.org/10.58256/tb06n075.

Messiou, Kyriaki, Mel Ainscow, Gerardo Echeita, Sue Goldrick, Max Hope, Isabel Paes, Marta Sandoval, Cecilia Simon, and Teresa Vitorino. “Learning from Differences: A Strategy for Teacher Development in Respect to Student Diversity.” School Effectiveness and School Improvement 27, no. 1 (2016): 45–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2014.966726.

Munif, Munif, Muhammmad Irham Maulana, Yuyun Yulia, and Dwi Pratiwi. “Islamic Value Integration into ELT: A Need Analysis of International Islamic Class Program in High School Level.” Englisia : Journal of Language, Education, and Humanities 12, no. 2 (2025): 101–115. https://doi.org/10.22373/ej.v12i2.27526.

Muttaqin, Amirul, Roibin Roibin, Ahmad Barizi, Jamilah Jamilah, and Bima Fandi Asy’arie. “Examining the Model for Forming Religious Character Education through Santri Behavior Traditions in Islamic Boarding Schools.” AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan 16, no. 4 (2024): 5369–5386. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v16i4.6181.

Nasucha, Juli Amaliya, Abdan Syakuuroo Sukiran, Khosiyah Rahmah, Ayu Ismaya Sari, and Moh Ismail. “Pendidikan Akhlak Perspektif KH. Hasyim Asy’ari dan Relevansi dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam.” Adris: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pemikiran Pendidikan Islam 16, no. 1 (2022): 15-31. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.51675/jt.v16i1.271.

Nawawi, Imam. Adabul ’Alim Wal Muta’allim Adab di atas Ilmu Tuntunan Belajar Mengajar yang Barakah. Yogyakarta: Diva Press, 2021.

Nikmah, Alfu. “Developing Speaking Material Using Islamic Contents in MA Salafiyah Kajen.” Journal of English Teaching and Learning Issues 1, no. 1 (2018): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.21043/jetli.v1i1.3922.

Ninoersy, Tarmizi, and Nelli Isnayanti. “Al-Bāṭiniyyah Values and Character Formation in Modern Education: A Hermeneutic Study of Imam Al-Zarnūjī’s Thought.” EDUKASIA Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran 6, no. 1 (2025): 357–372. https://doi.org/10.62775/edukasia.v6i1.1442.

Nugraha, Muhamad Tisna. “Integrasi Ilmu dan Agama: Praktik Islamisasi Ilmu Pengetahuan Umum di Perguruan Tinggi.” Al-Hikmah: Jurnal Agama dan Ilmu Pengetahuan 17, no. 1 (2020): 29–37. https://doi.org/10.25299/al-hikmah:jaip.2020.vol17(1).3927.

Popovska, Gorica, and Filip Popovski. “The Teachers’ Role in Developing Students’ Moral and Ethical Values.” Pedagogika-Pedagogy 93, no. 1 (2021): 100–113. https://doi.org/10.53656/ped2021-1.08.

Rahayu, Winanjar, Era Tazkiyah, Nurul Murtadho, and Slamet Arifin. “The Role of Teacher Ethics in Developing Student Character in School.” Jurnal Ilmiah Sekolah Dasar 7, no. 3 (2023): 546–557. https://doi.org/10.23887/jisd.v7i3.55245.

Rahmadany, Savitri, Rahmad Husein, and Masitowarni Siregar. “Developing English Teaching Materials for Young Learners Based on Islamic Values of Integrated Language Skills for Islamic Elementary School.” Linguistik Terapan 18, no. 2 (2021): 149–161. https://doi.org/10.24114/lt.v18i2.27893.

Rahman, Najib Aulia. “Competency-Based and Ethical Assessment Models in Contemporary Islamic Pedagogy.” Sinergi International Journal of Islamic Studies 3, no. 1 (2025): 57–69. https://doi.org/10.61194/ijis.v3i1.710.

Robinson, Rebecca S. “Purposive Sampling.” In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 5243–5245. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_2337.

Rohmah, Siti. “Konsep Pendidikan Akhlak Menurut KH. Hasyim Asy’Ari dalam Kitab Adabul ‘Alim Wal-Muta’Alim.” JIEBAR: Journal of Islamic Education: Basic and Applied Research 1, no. 2 (2020).

Rohmah, Zuliati. “Incorporating Islamic Messages in the English Teaching in the Indonesian Context.” International Journal of Social Sciences and Education 2, no. 1 (2012).

Rohmana, Wahyu Indah Mala. “Immersing Islamic Value in English Language Teaching: A Challenge for English Teachers.” Scope: Journal of English Language Teaching 5, no. 1 (2020): 47–50. https://doi.org/10.30998/scope.v5i1.6404.

Safitri, Citra Dwi, Baso Jabu, and Samtidar Samtidar. “The Integration of Islamic Values in English Language Teaching Context: Practices and Challenges.” Celebes Journal of Language Studies 3, no. 2 (2023): 315–324. https://doi.org/10.51629/cjls.v3i2.156.

Santamaría-García, Carmen. “Emotional and Educational Consequences of (Im)Politeness in Teacher–Student Interaction at Higher Education.” Corpus Pragmatics 1, no. 3 (2017): 233–255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41701-017-0010-2.

Sari, Diana, Rahmat Hidayat, and M. Fauzi Lubis. “The Teacher Morals in Teaching According to K.H. Hasyim Asy’ari in the Book of Adabul ‘Alim Wal Muta’Allim.” Almufida: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman 8, no. 2 (2023): 85–92. https://doi.org/10.46576/almufida.v8i2.3558.

Soncini, Annalisa, Maria Cristina Matteucci, and Fabrizio Butera. “Error Handling in the Classroom: An Experimental Study of Teachers’ Strategies to Foster Positive Error Climate.” European Journal of Psychology of Education 2020 36:3 36, no. 3 (2020): 719–738. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-020-00494-1.

Sulton, Ahmad, Mowafq Abrahem Masuwd, Sangkot Sirait, and Mahmud Arif. “The Philosophy of Traditional Islamic Education: A Study of Pesantren Al-Maqbul in Indonesia in Contextual Dialogue with the Islamic Educational Tradition in Libya.” Cendekia: Jurnal Kependidikan dan Kemasyarakatan 20, no. 1 (2022): 34–45. https://doi.org/10.21154/cendekia.v1i1.3821.

Sunardi, Isah Munfarida, Senang, and Khumairoh Annahdliyah. “Learning Adabul Alim Wal Muta’allim in Islamic Boarding Schools.” Empowerment: Jurnal Pengabdian pada Masyarakat 4, no. 2 (2024): 77–85. https://doi.org/10.51700/EMPOWERMENT.V4I1.705.

Susanto, Tri, Reddy Anggara, Uud Wahyudin, and Abung Supama Wijaya. “The Role of Elders in Upholding ‘Guyub Rukun’ in Nglinggi Village, Central Java, Indonesia: Building a Peaceful Village.” Journal of Religion, Spirituality and Aging, (2025): 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/15528030.2025.2513222.

Tyng, Lee Yii, Fatiha Binti Senom, and Lim Jia Wei. “Religion and ESL Teacher Identity in Malaysia Context: Does Religion Matter?” Arab World English Journal 14, no. 2 (2023): 312–326. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol14no2.22.

Wang, Xue. “Exploring Positive Teacher-Student Relationships: The Synergy of Teacher Mindfulness and Emotional Intelligence.” Frontiers in Psychology 14 (2023): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1301786.

Winingsih, Hesti, Imam Syafe’i, Ahmad Fauzan, and M. Kharis Fadilah. “Konsep Akhlak dalam Kitab Adabul ‘Alim Wal Muta’Allim dan Implementasinya pada Pembinaan Akhlak Santri.” Fitrah: Journal of Islamic Education 3, no. 2 (2022): 114–129. https://doi.org/10.53802/fitrah.v3i2.153.

Wisran, Wisran, St. Hartina, and Dewi Furwana. “Integrating Islamic Values and Local Wisdom in Designing English Textbook For Islamic Higher Education.” Elsya: Journal of English Language Studies 7, no. 1 (2025): 38–60. https://doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v7i1.22572.

Wong, Mary Shepard, and Suresh Canagarajah. Christian and Critical English Language Educators in Dialogue: Pedagogical and Ethical Dilemmas. Edited by Mary Shepard Wong and Suresh Canagarajah. Christian and Critical English Language Educators in Dialogue: Pedagogical and Ethical Dilemmas. New York: Routledge, 2009. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203877807.

Wong, Mary Shepard, Carolyn Kristjánsson, and Zoltán Dörnyei. Christian Faith and English Language Teaching and Learning: Research on the Interrelationship of Religion and ELT. Edited by Mary Shepard Wong, Carolyn Kristjánsson, and Zoltán Dörnyei. Christian Faith and English Language Teaching and Learning: Research on the Interrelationship of Religion and ELT. New York: Routledge, 2013. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203337738.

Yang, Dan. “EFL/ESL Students’ Perceptions of Distributive, Procedural, and Interactional Justice: The Impact of Positive Teacher-Student Relations.” Frontiers in Psychology 12 (2021): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.755234.

Zhang, Xiaodong. “The Role of Teacher Patience in the Implementation of Assessment for Learning (AFL): Vignettes from a Writing Classroom.” Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 9, no. 1 (2022): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022-01398-9.

Downloads

Published

2026-06-19

Issue

Section

Articles