Tolerance in Fikih’s Mazhab of Santri in Malang

Abstract

Konflik yang bernuansa SARA (Suku, Agama, Ras dan Antar-golongan), terutama konflik internal antar umat Islam di Indonesia masih sering terjadi. Hal itu memberi gambaran bahwa toleransi antar umat Islam atau lebih tepatnya antar pengikut mazhab fikih masih relatif rendah, sehingga perlu adanya penelitian kuantitatif untuk berusaha mengukur secara kuantitas nilai sikap toleransi bermazhab fikih terutama bagi genarasi muda, yaitu kaum santri di wilayah Malang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan metode survey, teknik pengambilan datanya dengan non probability sampling-sistematis random sampling, instrumen penelitiannya dengan model skala Likert dan teknik analisis datanya dengan rumus theta, lamda dan gamma. Kemudian diuji dengan rumus chi-square. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: 1) Tidak ada pengaruh (hubungan) yang signifikan antara perbedaan jenis kelamin santri terhadap sikap toleransi bermazhab fikih santri pondok pesantren di Malang; 2) Ada pengaruh (hubungan) yang signifikan antara perbedaan model pesantren terhadap sikap toleransi bermazhab fikih santri pondok pesantren di Malang dan santri pesantren khalaf (modern) lebih toleran daripada santri pesantren salaf (tradisional); 3) Ada pengaruh (hubungan) yang signifikan antara perbedaan masa studi di pesantren terhadap sikap toleransi bermazhab fikih santri pondok pesantren di Malang dan santri yang masa studinya di atas tiga tahun lebih toleran daripada yang kurang dari tiga tahun; dan 4) Tidak ada pengaruh (hubungan) yang signifikan antara perbedaan pengusaan fikih perbandingan mazhab terhadap sikap toleransi bermazhab fikih santri pondok pesantren di Malang.

Nowadays, Ethnicity, religion, race, and inter-group relations conflicts, especially internal conflict among Muslim in Indonesia often occurs around us. That shows us that the tolerance among Moslems or more appropriately among mazhab followers is relatively at the low level, therefore, we need quantitative research to measure the tolerance attitude quantitatively among mazhab followers especially in teenagers, which in this research is santri society in Malang city. This kind of research is quantitative research with survey method, data collection technique with non-probability sampling-systematic random sampling, research instrument with the Likert scale model, and data analysis technique with theta, lamda and gamma formulas. Then examined with chi-square formula. Conclusions of this research are: 1) There are no significant influences between santri sex gender to the tolerance attitude among santri at Islamic boarding school (pesantren) in Malang; 2) There are some significant influences between Islamic boarding school types on the tolerance attitude among santri at Islamic boarding school in Malang and santri at Khalaf (modern) Islamic boarding school are more tolerant than at the Salaf (traditional) Islamic Boarding School; 3) There are some significant influences between long study period to the tolerance attitude among santri at Islamic boarding school in Malang and santri with either 3 years or above  long study period are more tolerant than less one; and 4) There are no significant influences between ability of fiqh mazhab comparison to the tolerance attitude among santri at Islamic boarding school in Malang.