Marriage for The Purpose of Obtaining Citizenship and Its Effects from A Sharia and Legal Point of View
Abstract
The easiest way to obtain residency in developed countries is through marrying residents of developed countries. Nowadays, it is familiar instead of natural marriage, couples sign contracts only on paper. The parties do not intend the paper marriage to the marriage, but the parties agree on non-cohabitation either expressly or implicitly. Sharia is not permissible to conclude a marriage contract without marriage intention, and it is illegal and considered a crime in law. In case a man and a woman claim that they are a couple. This type is a claim that bears the truth and lies, and marriage is not held in both cases. Regarding visual marriage with affirmation and acceptance but without the intention of marriage, a group of contemporary scholars subjoined this type of marriage to the joking (hazl) marriage. The majority of the Hanafis scholars, Malikis, Shaafa'is, and Hanbalis, believe that it is a valid marriage that has its effects, the same as in the marriage of joking. However, another view of the Malikis in the joking marriage is that it is not valid and does not have any effects. Temporary marriage would be a mut'ah marriage if the man appeared his attempt to divorce. Finally, the researcher supports the fatwa that stated paper marriage is more like tahlil marriage, which is not meant to be valid.
Cara termudah untuk mendapatkan tempat tinggal di negara-negara maju adalah melalui pernikahan dengan penduduk negara-negara maju. Saat ini, sudah umum terjadi fenomena bukan pernikahan nyata, namun pasangan menandatangani kontrak hanya di atas kertas. Akta nikah tidak dimaksudkan oleh para pihak sebagai fakta perkawinan, tetapi para pihak menyetujui bukan tentang tinggal serumah (kohabitasi) baik secara tersurat maupun tersirat. Dalam Syariah tidak diperbolehkan untuk menandatangani kontrak pernikahan tanpa niat menikah, hal itu dianggap ilegal dan dianggap sebagai kejahatan dalam hukum. Dalam kasus seorang pria dan wanita mengklaim bahwa mereka adalah pasangan. Jenis ini adalah klaim yang mengandung kebenaran dan kebohongan, dan pernikahan tidak dilakukan dalam kedua kasus tersebut. Mengenai pernikahan visual dengan penegasan dan penerimaan tetapi tanpa niat pernikahan, sekelompok sarjana kontemporer menundukkan jenis pernikahan ini dengan pernikahan bercanda (hazl). Mayoritas ulama dari Hanafi, Maliki, Syafi'i dan Hanbali percaya bahwa itu adalah pernikahan yang sah yang memiliki efek, sama seperti dalam pernikahan bercanda. Namun, pandangan lain dari Maliki dalam pernikahan candaan adalah bahwa itu tidak sah dan tidak memiliki efek apa pun. Pernikahan sementara adalah pernikahan mut'ah jika lelaki itu muncul dalam upayanya untuk bercerai. Akhirnya, peneliti mendukung fatwa yang menyatakan pernikahan di atas kertas lebih seperti pernikahan ‘penghalalan’ yang tidak dimaksudkan untuk pernikahan sejati
Copyright (c) 2019 Khawlah Hussein
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