Hubungan Hukum Dokter dan Pasien: Perspektif Undang-Undang No 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen
Abstract
Therapeutic transactions are agreements between doctors and patients where with this agreement, the doctor has the authority to provide health services needed by patients. The rights and obligations of each party arise because of the legal relationship resulting from this therapeutic transaction. For doctors, patients have obligations as well as rights. Likewise, conversely, doctors also have rights and obligations to patients. An equal position between doctors and patients places both as legal subjects. Each subject matter in this position has rights and obligations that must be respected. Lawsuits from parties who feel that their rights are impaired, or their interests are in the aftermath of disharmony in the legal relationship between the two parties due to the denial of each party's obligations. The relationship between doctors and patients/sufferers in the agreement adopted is now carried out in an atmosphere of mutual trust (confidence), filled with emotions, hopes, and worries of human beings. This paper aims to examine the legal relationship between doctors and patients in therapeutic transactions and how the legal relationship between doctors and patients is in the Consumer Protection Act's perspective. In the event of problems in therapeutic transactions or malpractice, then the legal basis for using doctors is inappropriate when using Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection (UUPK), but Law No. 29 of 2004 concerning Medical Practice or Law No. 36 of 2009 concerning Health. The controversy that has arisen in applying the UUPK to the context of the relationship between doctors and patients has become one of the drivers of the emergence of the Law on Medical Practice. Doctors' professional services are different from other services referred to in the UUPK because their professional services are closely related to professional ethics. Therefore patients cannot be categorized as consumers based on UUPK.
Transaksi terapeutik merupakan perjanjian antara dokter dengan pasien dimana dengan perjanjian ini dokter mempunyai kewenangan untuk memberikan pelayanan kesehatan yang dibutuhkan pasien. Hak dan kewajiban masing-masing pihak timbul karena adanya hubungan hukum akibat transaksi terapeutik ini. Terhadap dokter, pasien mempunyai kewajiban sekaligus hak. Begitu pula sebaliknya dokter juga mempunyai hak dan kewajiban terhadap pasien. Kedudukan yang sejajar antara dokter dan pasien menempatkan keduanya sebagai subyek hukum. Masing-masing subyek hokum dalam kedudukan inimempunyai hak dan kewajiban yang harus dihormati.Tuntutan hukum dari pihak yang merasa dirugikan haknya atau kepentingannya menjadi buntut atas ketidakharmonisan hubungan hukum antara kedua belah pihak akibat pengingkaran pelaksanaan kewajiban dari masing-masing pihak. Hubungan antara dokter dengan pasien/penderita dalam perjanjian terapeuti kini dilakukan dalam suasana saling percaya (konfidencial), yang diliputi dengan emosi, harapan, dan kekhawatiran makhluk insani. Tulisanini bertujuan untuk mengupas hubungan hokum antara dokter dengan pasien dalam transaksi terapeutik, serta bagaimana kedudukan hubungan hokum antara dokter dan pasien tersebut dalam perspektif Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen. Dalam hal terjadi permasalahan dalam transaksi terapeutik atau terjadi malpraktik, maka dasar hukum untuk menggungat dokter tidak tepat apabila menggunakan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen (UUPK), melainkan Undang-Undang No 29 Tahun 2004 tentang Praktik Kedokteran atau Undang-Undang No 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan. Kontroversi yang muncul dalam penerapan UUPK terhadap konteks hubungan dokter dengan pasien, menjadi salah satu pendorong munculnya Undang-Undang tentang Praktik Kedokteran. Jasa profesi dokter berbeda dengan jasa-jasa lainnya sebagaimana dimaksud dalam UUPK, karena jasa profesi dokter erat kaitannya dengan etika profesi. Oleh karena itu pasien tidak bisa dikategorikan sebagai konsumen berdasarkan UUPK.
Copyright (c) 2019 Rifah Roihanah
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