IstiḥsÄn Dalam Madhhab ShÄfi”˜Ä«: Tinjauan Atas Kasus MustathnayÄt Madhhab ShÄfi”˜Ä« Perspektif IstiḥsÄn Madhhab HanafÄ«
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21154/justicia.v16i2.1708Keywords:
Istihsan, Istithna’, Mustathnayat, MaqaÅŸid Al-shari’ah, Al-qawa’id Al-FiqhÄ«yahAbstract
IstiḥsÄn is a dalÄ«l (source and method) of Islamic law validated by the Hanafi school. Al-Shafi’i strongly rejected istiḥsÄn (juristic preference) and considered those who practice it as trying to compete with God as the Ultimate Authority and taking a careless decision. However, the istiḥsÄn way of thinking in the Shafi’i school is not uncommon but is considered valid. In the discipline of al-qawa’id al-fiqhiyah (Islamic legal maxims), the existence of mustathnayat (exceptions) cases with istithna’ (exception) method is showing istihsan method. This research compares mustathnayat/exception cases in qawa’d al-fiqhiyyah in Shafi’i madhhab and istihsan in Hanafi madhhab. The origin of the legal decision of exception in mustahnayat is judged from istihsan’s point of view. This research accepts that mustathnayat cases in Shafi’i madhhab result from thinking methods like istihsan in Hanafi madhhab in all aspects (its reality, method, and purpose).
IstiḥsÄn adalah fasilitas dalÄ«l shar’Ä« milik madhhab ḤanafÄ«. Al-ShÄfi’Ä« dengan keras menolak istiḥsÄn dan melukiskan orang yang mempraktekkannya sebagai menyaingi Tuhan sebagai pemegang otoritas hukum dan mengambil keputusan sembarangan. Akan tetapi di dalam madhhab ShÄfi’Ä« sendiri cara berfikir semacam istiḥsÄn itu sebenarnya bukan hal yang asing. Dalam disiplin ilmu al-qawÄ’id al-fiqhÄ«yah, keberadaan kasus-kasus mustathnayÄt dengan langkah-langkah istithnÄ’ menampilkan cara kerja istiḥsÄn. Penelitian ini mencoba membandingkan kasus-kasus mustathnayÄt dalam ilmu al-qawÄ’id al-fiqhÄ«yah milik madhhab ShÄfi’Ä« dengan istiḥsÄn milik madhhab ShÄfi’Ä«. Seluk beluk keputusan hukum eksepsi dalam bentuk mustathnayÄt itu ditilik dari sudut pandang istiḥsÄn. Penelitian ini membenarkan bahwa kasus-kasus mustathnayÄt madhhab ShÄfi’Ä« adalah hasil dari metode berfikir sebagaimana istiḥsÄn dalam madhhab ḤanafÄ«, baik hakikatnya, metodologinya maupun tujuannya.
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