Reformulating The Concept of Maṣlaḥah: From A Textual Confinement Towards A Logic Determination
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21154/justicia.v17i1.1807Keywords:
Logic Determination, Collective-based IjtihÄd, Textual Confinement, Maá¹£laḥah, ReformulationAbstract
Up to this contemporary era, the concept of maá¹£laḥah developed by several leading Muslim scholars seems to be rather theocentric in a way that it is transfixed on the maá¹£laḥah considerations contained in the texts (naṣṣ). This means that the concept of maá¹£laḥah has so far been shadowed in the textual confinement so that the resulting maá¹£laḥah becomes an old-fashioned, stagnant, and less-able concept for responding to the times’ challenges. This study aims to open up discourses and opportunities for the development and reformulation of maá¹£laḥah in the current contemporary era. This qualitative study is library research. The data used were obtained from book literature, journals, and other writings related to maá¹£laḥah and were analyzed using a content analysis method. The discussion was done by describing the historical data of previous thoughts on maá¹£laḥah from textual confinement to logic determination, which was then formulated with the reality of today's modern era life. The results of this study indicate that: 1) from its historical aspect, the reformulation of maá¹£laḥah is one which has so far only been assessed in the perspective of ShÄri' (the Law Maker). Hence, it is necessary to reformulate it in the perspective of mujtahÄ«d by referring to maá¹£laḥah associated with the issues’ reality context, 2) there is a need to incorporate the concept of ethics and humanity into the structure of maá¹£laḥah, and 3) there present a necessity to formulate a collective-based ijtihÄd in probing of maá¹£laḥah to create a scientific maá¹£laḥah-based ijtihÄd methodology.
Hingga pada era kontemporer sekarang ini, konsep maá¹£laḥah yang dikembangkan oleh beberapa tokoh ilmuwan Muslim tampak lebih bersifat teosentris yang terpaku pada pertimbangan maá¹£laḥah yang terdapat pada teks (naṣṣ). Artinya, konsep maá¹£laḥah selama ini masih terbayang-bayang dalam kungkungan teks sehingga maá¹£laḥah yang dihasilkan menjadi konsep yang jumud, stagnan, dan kurang bisa merespon tantangan zaman. Penelitian ini berusaha membuka wacana dan peluang terhadap perkembangan dan reformulasi maá¹£laḥah pada era kontemporer saat ini. Penelitian ini adalah sebuah studi pustaka (library research) yang dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif. Data yang dipakai berasal dari literatur buku, jurnal, dan tulisan-tulisan lain yang berkaitan dengan maá¹£laḥah dan dianalisa menggunakan metode content analysis. Pembahasan dilakukan dengan mendeskripsikan data sejarah pemikiran maá¹£laḥah dari proses kungkungan teks hingga determinasi akal yang kemudian diformulasikan dengan realitas kehidupan era modern saat ini. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) reformulasi maá¹£laḥah dari aspek sejarah adalah maá¹£laḥah yang selama ini hanya dinilai dalam perspektif Syari’, karena itu perlu mereformulasinya dalam perspektif mujtahid dengan mengacu kepada maá¹£laḥah yang dikaitkan dengan konteks realitas permasalahan, 2) perlu untuk memasukkan konsep etika dan kemanusiaan dalam struktur maá¹£laḥah, dan 3) perlu untuk mereformulasikan ijtihÄd berbasis kolektif dalam pengambilan maá¹£laḥah guna menciptakan metodologi ijtihÄd berbasis maá¹£laḥah yang ilmiah.
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