The Concept of Istitā‘ah Al-Bā’ah in Marriage
Abstract
Islam has to the law of sharia a marriage between men and women to build a family that is sakinah, mawaddah, and rahmah. To achieve the goal of marriage, Islam has set a requirement for married couples to have several abilities to marry, termed as istitā'ah al-bā'ah. Practically, there are still many people in marriages who understanding the concept of istitā’ah al-bā’ah partially and even not applied it at all. This study aims to examine the concept of istitā’ah al-bā’ah as a requirement in marriage and to explain its types and criteria according to sharia perspective through library research on Fiqh Principle and content analysis of Fiqh books. This study profoundly analyses the collective data. This study has successfully found the types and criteria of marriage recommended in marriage, firstly, non-material abilities including an ability to have sex, physical health from dangerous diseases, and age. The second is a material ability, including an ability to meet the cost of marriage consisting of paying dowry and living. This study contributes to the context of strengthening the ability standards for couples wishing to get married. Therefore, fulfilling the requirements of marrying is expected to minimize marriage problems, including minimizing the divorce rate.
Islam telah mensyariatkan perkawinan antara laki-laki dan perempuan dengan tujuan membina keluarga yang sakinah, mawaddah dan rahmah. Untuk mewujudkan perkawinan tersebut maka Islam telah menetapkan persyaratan kepada pasangan yang akan menikah untuk memiliki kemampuan menikah terlebih dahulu yang diistilahkan dengan istitā’ah al-bā’ah. Dalam praktiknya banyak yang memahami konsep istitā’ah al-bā’ah secara parsial atau bahkan perkawinan yang tidak dilandasi konsep istitā’ah al-bā’ah. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji konsep istitā’ah al-bā’ah sebagai sebuah persyaratan dalam perkawinan serta menjelaskan jenis dan kriterianya menurut perspektif syariah. Melalui kajian literatur (library research) terhadap kaidah fikih dan analisis kandungan terhadap kitab-kitab fikih. Analisis dilakukan secara mendalam terhadap data yang telah terkumpul. Kajian ini berhasil menemukan jenis-jenis dan kriteria kemampuan menikah yang dianjurkan dalam Islam, yaitu: pertama, kemampuan non material yang meliputi kemampuan melakukan hubungan kelamin, kesehatan fisik dari penyakit-penyakit yang berbahaya dan cukup umur. Kedua ialah kemampuan material yaitu kemampuan memenuhi biaya nikah yang terdiri dari kemampuan membayar mahar dan nafkah. Kajian ini berkontribusi dalam konteks penguatan standar kemampuan bagi pasangan yang ingin melangsungkan perkawinan. Sehingga dengan prasyarat kemampuan menikah tersebut, diharapkan dapat meminimalisir problem dalam perkawinan, termasuk meminimalisir angka perceraian.References
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