Problems of Mudharabah Financing in Islamic Banking After The Implementation of Qanun of Islamic Financial Institutions in Aceh
Abstract views: 619
,
PDF downloads: 442
Abstract
The mudharabah contract has become one of the Islamic banking products legitimated by The National Sharia Board and Financial Services Authority. The Aceh government, through the Qanun of Islamic Financial Institutions, has emphasized that banking practices in Aceh must rely on sharia principles. The consequence of this regulation is that banks are only allowed to use sharia contracts in every financial and financing transaction. This research is an empirical juridical study with a sociological and normative approach. This approach was employed to analyze the use of mudharabah contracts from both practical and theoretical aspects. The results of this study indicate that although the mudharabah contract has been designated as one of the financing products in Islamic banking, the mudharabah contract is not fully applied for financing. The mudharabah contract is only implemented for corporate purposes, not for small traders. This is due to several things, including the high risk in mudharabah financing, low bank confidence in customers, fluctuating profits, and low-risk management. This study aims to analyze the problems of mudharabah financing after implementing the 2018 Qanun of Islamic Financial Institutions in Aceh. The results of this study can answer the main problems in the mudharabah contracts. Thus the mudharabah contract can be optimized in the financing system of Islamic banking in Aceh.
Akad mudharabah sudah menjadi salah satu produk perbankan syariah yang mendapatkan legitimasi dari DSN-MUI dan OJK. Pemerintah Aceh melalui qanun lembaga keuangan syariah telah menegaskan bahwa praktik perbankan di Aceh harus menggunakan prinsip-prinsip syariah. Konsekuensi dari peraturan tersebut yaitu pihak perbankan hanya dapat menggunakan akad bernuansa syariah dalam setiap transaksi keuangan dan pembiayaan. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan sosiologi dan normatif. Pendekatan ini digunakan untuk menganalisis penggunaan akad mudhrabah baik dari aspek praktik dan teoritis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, meskipun akad mudharabah telah ditetapkan sebagai salah satu produk pembiayaan pada perbankan syariah, namun nyatanya akad mudharabah tidak sepenuhnya di gunakan dalam pembiayaan, akad mudharabah hanya digunakan untuk korporasi saja, tidak untuk pedagang kecil dan UMKM. Hal ini disebabkan oleh beberapa hal; pertama, tingginya resiko dalam pembiayaan mudharabah; kedua, rendahnya kepercayaan perbankan terhadap nasabah; ketiga, keuntungan yang fluktuatif; keempat, lemahnya manajemen resiko. Penelitian ini berkontribusi untuk mengatasi persoalan pembiayaan mudharabah pasca penerapan qanun lembaga keuangan syariah tahun 2018 di Aceh. Sehingga dengan hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi jalan keluar terhadap permasalahan utama dalam akad mudharabah, dan akad mudharabah dapat dioptimalkan dalam sistem pembiayaan pada perbankan syariah di Aceh.
References
Al-Qusyairi Al-Naisaburi, Abu Husien Muslim bin Hajjaj bin Muslim. Shahih Muslim. Vol. 4. Madina: Dar al-Nawadir, 2014.
Antoni, M. Safri Antoni. Interview Employee PT. Bank Aceh Syariah, April 24, 2021.
Aswad, Muhammad. “Skema Bagi Hasil Mudharabah: Studi Feasibility Terhadap Pemberdayaan Usaha Mikro Syariah.” ADDIN 8, no. 1 (November 15, 2015): 32. https://doi.org/10.21043/addin.v8i1.588.
Atmeh, Muhannad A., and Abdulhadi H. Ramadan. “A Critique on Accounting for The Mudarabah Contract.” Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 3, no. 1 (April 13, 2012): 7–19. https://doi.org/10.1108/17590811211216032.
Azmat, Saad, Michael Skully, and Kym Brown. “Can Islamic Banking Ever Become Islamic?” Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 34 (September 2015): 253–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2015.03.001.
“Bank Aceh,” n.d. https://www.bankaceh.co.id/?page_id=550.
Bhala, R. “Overview of Islamic Finance.” In Handbook of Key Global Financial Markets, Institutions, and Infrastructure, 466. Elsevier, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-397873-8.00039-6.
Birton, M. Nur A., Iwan Triyuwono, Aji Dedi Mulawarman, and Aulia Fuad Rahman. “Theory of Shariahization on Conceptual Accounting Framework: A Substantive Theory.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 211 (November 2015): 723–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.093.
Che Arshad, Noraziah, and Abdul Ghafar Ismail. “Regulation on The Parameterized of Mudharabah Contract: A Critical Analysis.” International Journal of Economics and Research (IJER) 2, no. 3 (2011): 175.
Chong, Beng Soon, and Ming-Hua Liu. “Islamic Banking: Interest-Free or Interest-Based?” Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 17, no. 1 (January 2009): 127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2007.12.003.
Destiana, Rina. “Analisis Dana Pihak Ketiga dan Risiko Terhadap Pembiayaan Mudharabah dan Musyarakah Pada Bank Syariah di Indonesia.” JURNAL LOGIKA 17, no. 2 (2016): 48.
Hadi, Ahmad Chairul. “Problematika Pembiayaan Mudharabah di Perbankan Syariah Indonesia.” Al-Iqtishad: Journal of Islamic Economics 3, no. 2 (November 5, 2015): 207. https://doi.org/10.15408/aiq.v3i2.2129.
Harahap, Mhd Yadi. “Pengikatan Jaminan Kebendaan Dalam Kontrak Pembiayaan MudÌ£aÌ„rabah Sebagai Upaya Penyelesaian Sengketa Debitur Wanprestasi (Analisis Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 272/K/AG/2015 Tentang Pembiayaan Mudharabah).” Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam 14, no. 1 (June 2, 2020): 51. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v14i1.2999.
Hasan, Sayyid Kasrawi, and Ahmad ibn Shu`ayb Nasai. Is`ad al-rai bi al-Afrad wa al-Zawaid al-Nasai `al al-Kutub al-Khamsah. Bayrut: Dar al-Kutub al-`Ilmiyah, 1998.
Ibnu Majah Al-Quznawi, Al-Imam Abu Abdillah Muhammad bin Yazid. Sunnan Ibnu Majah. Vol. 2. Beitut: Dar al-Fikr, tt.
Iqbal, Mahathir Muhammad. “Merumuskan Konsep Fiqh Islam Perspektif Indonesia” 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 8. https://doi.org/10.22515/al-ahkam.v2i1.820.
Latif, Chefi Abdul. “Pembiayaan Mudharabah Dan Pembiayaan Musyarakah Di Perbankan Syariah.” AKSY: Jurnal Ilmu Akuntansi Dan Bisnis Syariah 2, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 12–13. https://doi.org/10.15575/aksy.v2i1.7857.
Marliyah. Strategi Pembiayaan Mudharabah Sektor Usaha Mikro, Kecil Dan Menengah(UMKM) : Studi Kasus Perbankan Syariah Di Sumatera Utara. Disertasi: UIN Sumatera Utara, 2016.
Masse, Rahman Ambo. “Konsep Mudharabah Antara Kajian Fiqh Dan Penerapan Perbankan.” DIKTUM: Jurnal Syariah Dan Hukum 8, no. 1 (January 9, 2010): 79. https://doi.org/10.28988/diktum.v8i1.300.
Maulana, Muhammad. “Jaminan Dalam Pembiayaan Pada Perbankan Syariah Di Indonesia (Analisis Jaminan Pembiayaan Musyarakah Dan Muḍharabah).” Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura 14, no. 1 (August 1, 2014): 82. https://doi.org/10.22373/jiif.v14i1.80.
Pauly, Mark V. “The Economics of Moral Hazard: Comment.” The American Economic Review 58, no. 3 (1968): 535.
Prasetyo, Aji, and Ninik Muti’ahningsih. “Model Pengembangan Skema Pembiayaan Mudharabah Di Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Dan Pembiayaan Syariah (KSPPS) Sidoarjo.” Seminar Nasional & Call For Paper, FEB Unikama “Peningkatan Ketahanan Ekonomi Nasional Dalam Rangka Menghadapi Persaingan Global”Malang, 17 Mei, 2017, 297.
Putri, Eskasari, and Arief Budhi Dharma. “Analisis Perbedaan Kinerja Keuangan Antara Bank Konvensional Dengan Bank Syariah.” Riset Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Indonesia 1, no. 2 (September 2, 2016): 100. https://doi.org/10.23917/reaksi.v1i2.2734.
Qomar, Moh. Nurul. “Mudharabah Sebagai Produk Pembiayaan Perbankan Syariah Perspektif Abdullah Saeed.” MALIA: Journal of Islamic Banking and Finance 2, no. 2 (December 25, 2018): 201. https://doi.org/10.21043/malia.v2i2.4890.
Rab, Hifzur. “Impact of Inflation on Mudarabah Profits: Some Observations.” Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Islamic Economics 17, no. 2 (2004): 21–25. https://doi.org/10.4197/islec.17-2.2.
Rahmati, Arinal, Deni Mulyadi, and Januddin Januddin. “Analysis of Low Realization For Mudharabah Financing at Muamalat Indonesia Bank, Banda Aceh.” Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 1, no. 4 (December 22, 2018): 215. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v1i4.111.
Rowell, David, and Luke B. Connelly. “A History of the Term ‘Moral Hazard.’” Journal of Risk and Insurance 79, no. 4 (2012): 1051–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6975.2011.01448.x.
Sa’diyah, Mahmudatus. “Mudharabah Dalam Fiqih Dan Perbankan Syari’ah” 1, no. 2 (2013): 305.
Salim, Arskal. “Dynamic Legal Pluralism in Indonesia: Contested Legal Orders in Contemporary Aceh.” The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 42, no. 61 (January 2010): 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2010.10756640.
———. “‘Sharia from below’ in ACEH (1930s–1960s): Islamic Identity and the Right to Self‐determination with Comparative Reference to the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF).” Indonesia and the Malay World 32, no. 93 (March 2004): 80–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/1363981042000263471.
Santi, Mei. “Bank Konvensional vs Bank Syariah.” EKSYAR: Jurnal Ekonomi Syari’ah & Bisnis Islam 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 1–22.
Setiadi, Taufan Prasojo Wicaksono, Sinathrya Al Kautsar, Lusiana Indra, and Dewi Hanggraeni. “Pengaruh Konversi Bank Konvensional Menjadi Bank Syariah Terhadap Risiko Kebangkrutan Studi Kasus Pada Bank Aceh.” E-Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana, June 20, 2019, 550. https://doi.org/10.24843/EEB.2019.v08.i06.p02.
Sholahuddin, M. “Risiko Pembiayaan Dalam Perbankan Syariah.” BENEFIT 8, no. 2 (2004): 135.
Sri Wahyuni, Nining. “Analisis Fikih Sistem Pembiayaan Mudharabah Dalam Praktik Dan Peraturan Perundang–Undangan Perbankan Syari’ah.” FITRAH:Jurnal Kajian Ilmu-ilmu Keislaman 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 109. https://doi.org/10.24952/fitrah.v2i1.458.
Srisusilawati, Popon, and Nanik Eprianti. “Penerapan Prinsip Keadilan Dalam Akad Mudharabah Di Lembaga Keuangan Syariah.” Law and Justice 2, no. 1 (June 21, 2017): 17. https://doi.org/10.23917/laj.v2i1.4333.
Stevens, Douglas E., and Alex Thevaranjan. “A Moral Solution to The Moral Hazard Problem.” Accounting, Organizations and Society 35, no. 1 (2010): 125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2009.01.008.
Subakti, Try. Akad Pembiayaan Mudharabah Perspektif Hukum Islam. 1st ed. Malang: Literasi Nusantara, 2019.
Supriatna, and Irpan Helmi. “Skema Pembagian Keuntungan Konsep Mudharabah Pada Bank Syariah Di Indonesia.” Al-Intifa’ : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Syariah 1, no. 2 (December 3, 2019): 13.
Susana, Erni, and Annisa Prasetyanti. “Pelaksanaan Dan Sistem Bagi Hasil Pembiayaan Al-Mudharabah Pada Bank Syariah.” Jurnal Keuangan Dan Perbankan 15, no. 3 (2011): 470. https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v15i3.1039.
Tamrin, Dahlan. Kaidah-Kaidah Hukum Islam Kulliyah A-Khamsah. 1st ed. Malang: UIN Maliki Press, 2010.
Toin, Dyah Rosna Yustani. “Analisis Kinerja Perbankan (Studi Komparasi Antara Perbankan Syariah Dan Konvensional).” Jurnal Siasat Bisnis 18, no. 2 (2014): 208. https://doi.org/10.20885/jsb.vol18.iss2.art6.
Trimulato, Trimulato. “Eksistensi Perbankan Syariah Melalui Dominasi Pembiayaan Profit And Loss Sharing.” JPS (Jurnal Perbankan Syariah) 2, no. 1 (April 9, 2021): 33. https://doi.org/10.46367/jps.v2i1.287.
Tupek, Hadenan Bin. “Konsep Mudarabah Menurut Syeikh Daud Al-Fatani.” Al-Risalah 12, no. 02 (December 1, 2018): 5. https://doi.org/10.30631/al-risalah.v12i02.450.
Waluyo, Bambang. “Implementasi Pembiayaan Mudharabah Pada Bank Syariah Untuk Merealisasikan Tujuan Ekonomi Islam.” JEBIS: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 195–96. https://doi.org/10.20473/jebis.v2i2.3167.
Warninda, Titi Dewi, Irwan Adi Ekaputra, and Rofikoh Rokhim. “Do Mudarabah and Musharakah Financing Impact Islamic Bank Credit Risk Differently?” Research in International Business and Finance 49, no. 166 (October 2019): 166–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2019.03.002.
Widayatsar, Any. “Akad Wadiah dan Mudharabah dalam Penghimpunan Dana Pihak Ketiga Bank Syariah.” Economic: Journal of Economic and Islamic Law 3, no. 1 (June 17, 2013): 4–6.
Yoesoef, Yoesrizal Muhammad. “Eksistensi Bank Aceh Pasca Konversi Terhadap Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Aceh” Al-Masharif, 8 (2020): 15.
Yuliana, Rita, and Shelly Febriana Kartasari. “Dominasi Akad Murabahah Pada Praktik Penyaluran Dana di Bank Syariah” Akuntabilitas, 6, no. 2 (2012): 86.
Copyright (c) 2022 yusmalinda yusmalinda
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Requirements to be met by the author as follows:
- Author storing copyright and grant the journal right of first publication manuscripts simultaneously with licensed under the CC BY-SA allows others to share the work with a statement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors can enter into the preparation of additional contractual separately for the non-exclusive distribution of a decadent version of the journal issue (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with the recognition of initial publication in this journal.
Authors are allowed and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during the submission process because it can lead to productive exchanges and citations earlier and more severe than published works. (see The Effect of Open Access).
This work is licensed under CC BY-SA.
