INSIDAD BAB AL-IJTIHAD DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP MADHHAB SHAFI‘I

Abstract

INSIDA<D BA<B AL-IJTIHA<<<D

DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP MADHHAB SHA>FI‘I

Luthfi Hadi Aminuddin*

Abstract: This work is based on historcal Islamic legal development especially discourse of closing ijtiha>d ’authority’. Muslem and non-moslem specialist writers sure that this discourse happened pasca a’immat al-madha>hib phase.  This phase refers to the era when the creative thinking is stagnant. Amount of Shafi’ithe ulama> who state a binding ruling in religious matters of closing ijtiha>d authority, according to them, are responsible. This paper is to show that closing ijtiha>d ’authority’ discourse (insida>d ba> al-ijtiha>d) begins from the times when al-Ghaza>li>, al-Ra>fi’i>, and al-Nawa>wi> clasify mujtahid prerequsites.

Their ’mujtahid qualifications’ are efforts which can close ijtiha>d ’authority’ (bab> al-ijtiha>d). Mujtahids did do Ijtiha>d as a creative thinking such as insha>’i> and intiqa>’i>. But they did this as mujtahid muntasib, mujtahid fi> al-madhhab or al-mujtahid al-murajjih} as a different level from mujtahid mustaqill. As}ha>b al-Sha>fi‘i> such as al-Muzani>, al-Buwayt}i>, a-Juwayni>, al-Shayra>zi>, al-Ghaza>li>, al-Ra>fi‘i> and al-Nawa>wi> standardize istinba>t} method which Sha>fi’i> formulated.

Keywords: Insida>d Ba>b al-Ijtiha>d, Dissenting Opinion, Tah}ri>r, Ijtiha>d Intiqa>’i>, Takhri>j.