Publications Ethics

The INVEST Journal of Sharia and Economic Law focuses on Sharia law's legal framework, prioritizing principles that promote human well-being and socioeconomic justice. It offers a platform for scholarly work that enriches global finance and economic discussions through the lens of the Sharia principles. Utilizing the Philosophy/Maqashid, Historical, and Fiqh/Ijtihad integrated normative and empirical legal methodologies to provide comprehensive insights into Sharia law and its implications for global economic transactions, thereby fostering innovative solutions to contemporary challenges. As a result, the ethical behavior of all parties engaged in the act of publishing an article in this journal has been clarified. This statement applies to author(s), chief editor(s), associate editors, Editorial Board, peer reviewer (s), and Fakultas Syariah IAIN Ponorogo as Publisher. This statement was based on the Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Ethical Guideline for Journal Publication

Publishing the Invest Journal of Sharia and Economic Law is crucial to fostering cohesive and widely accepted knowledge networks. The journal reflects the quality of work produced by authors and their supporting institutions while promoting and exemplifying ethical and responsible scholarships. To uphold these standards, it is imperative to establish clear ethical expectations for all parties involved in the publishing process, including the authors, journal editors, reviewers, publishers, and the broader public.

As the publisher of the Invest Journal of Sharia and Economic Law, the Faculty of Sharia at IAIN Ponorogo, Indonesia acknowledges its ethical and professional obligations. The Faculty is committed to ensuring that financial relationships, personal interests, political or religious beliefs, and institutional affiliations do not compromise the editorial decisions. In addition, the Editorial Board actively collaborates with other journals and publishers to maintain high ethical standards and foster academic cooperation.

Publication decisions

Editorial decisions in the Invest Journal of Sharia and Economic Law are led by the Editor-in-Chief (EIC) with support from the Associate Editor (AE), who oversees specialized sections and manages the peer-review process to ensure alignment with the standards and scope of the journal. The assessment should always be driven by the validity of the work on issues that fit the aims and scope of the journal and its value to academics and readers. The EIC conducts an initial assessment to ensure thematic relevance and assigns an AE to manage the peer-review process. The AE appoints reviewers, oversees the interaction between reviewers and authors, and provides a final recommendation to the EIC for consideration of the acceptance or rejection of the manuscript.

Fair Play

Manuscripts were reviewed only from the aspects of substance, conformity with author guidelines, and the journal's scope. The assessment of the manuscript is free from discriminatory practices, especially regarding skin color, gender, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, ethnic background, nationality, and the author’s political ideology.

Confidentiality

The Editor-in-Chief and Associate Editors (AEs) affiliated with this journal may not disclose any information about the articles submitted to the Invest Journal of Sharia and Economic Law. Information regarding articles is permitted only for publication purposes and is limited to the authors concerned, reviewers, prospective reviewers, editorial advisors, and publishers.

Disclosure and conflicts of interest

The unpublished information disclosed in the submitted manuscript will not be used by the editors and members of the editorial board for research purposes without written permission from the author. Information or special ideas obtained by the editorial board, reviewers, and all parties that obtain information by handling the manuscript will be kept confidential and not used for personal gain.

Peer Review Policy

The peer review process in the INVEST JOURNAL OF SHARIA & ECONOMIC LAW adheres to a double-blind review system, ensuring the anonymity of both the authors and reviewers. Each manuscript was evaluated by at least two independent reviewers to ensure fairness, academic rigor, and alignment with the journal’s scope. The process includes:

  1. Manuscript Submission by Author: Authors submit their manuscripts via the journal’s online system, ensuring adherence to formatting and thematic guidelines.
  2. Initial Editorial Assessment by the EIC: The EIC ensures thematic relevance, evaluates scientific contributions, and checks adherence to guidelines. Decisions are made to reject or proceed with the AE assignment.
  3. Reviewer Appointment by AE: AEs appoint two or more reviewers based on expertise and manage the peer-review process.
  4. Peer Review Process: Reviewers assess manuscripts for quality, methodology, and clarity, providing recommendations (accept, minor revisions, major revisions, and rejects).
  5. Revisions by Author: Authors have addressed reviewer comments and resubmitted the revised manuscript, including a response to the reviewer’s document.
  6. Final Evaluation by AE and EIC: AEs validate revisions before recommending final decisions to the EIC.
  7. Publication: Accepted manuscripts proceed to production including layout, language editing, and DOI assignment.

Responsibilities for Retractions, Corrections, and Publishing Malpractices

1. Responsibility of Editors and Publisher

The Editorial Board and Publisher of the Invest Journal of Sharia and Economic Law are committed to upholding the integrity of the scholarly records. In cases of identified errors, misconduct, or publishing malpractice, the following actions were taken:

  • Corrections: Editors will publish Corrigenda or Errata to correct errors that do not invalidate the research findings.
  • Retractions: In cases of serious ethical violations or scientific errors that invalidate the research, the editors, in consultation with the publisher, issue a retraction following the COPE guidelines.
  • Transparency: The journal ensures transparency by displaying retraction discoveries and maintaining a clear record of changes.
  • Editorial Oversight: The Editor-in-Chief is responsible for ensuring adherence to ethical standards during all stages of publication and the publisher provides resources to support these efforts.

2. Publishing Malpractice Policy

The Invest Journal of Sharia and Economic Law takes a firm stance on publishing malpractices. The following steps were followed to address this misconduct:

  • Investigation: Allegations of malpractice (e.g., plagiarism, data fabrication, or authorship disputes) were thoroughly investigated by the Editorial Board.
  • Action: Depending on the severity of the issue, actions may include rejection of the manuscript, retraction of the published article, or reporting misconduct to relevant institutions or authorities.
  • Prevention: The journal employs plagiarism detection tools (e.g., Turnitin) and ensures transparency in peer review and authorship practices to prevent misconduct.

3. Crossmark Policy

The Invest Journal of Sharia and Economic Law applies the CrossMark icon to maintain the integrity and transparency of its content. The CrossMark icon provides readers with the current status of the document and additional information if any changes occur. This ensures that readers can access an authoritative version of the document.

Specific publication types under CrossMark include the following.

  • Addendum: Published when authors need to add significant omitted information post-publication.
  • Corrigendum: Published to address errors that do not affect the validity of scientific content.
  • Erratum: Published to correct errors overlooked during editing (e.g., figures and tables).
  • Retraction: Articles with serious ethical violations or scientific errors with PDF marked appropriately.
  • Removal: Full removal of the content with a statement explaining the reason.
  • Replacement: Retraction with a corrected version published and linked to the original retracted article.

Readers were encouraged to report any suspected errors or ethical concerns to the editor-in-chief for prompt investigation and resolution.

Duties of peer reviewers

1. Contribution to editorial decisions

The editorial board will discuss with the reviewers and publisher teams, if necessary, to assist the Editor-in-Chief in making a choice (between acceptance and rejection), and in some cases, can also assist the author in improving the quality of his work.

2. Promptness

Any reviewer who is selected and found out that they are not eligible to review the author's article or who is unable to complete the review process on time must immediately notify the Associate Editors (AEs) so that another reviewer can replace him/her to complete the review process according to the journal's timeline. Timeline of the peer reviewer process in the INVEST JOURNAL OF SHARIA & ECONOMIC LAW journal.

3. Confidentiality

Manuscripts for evaluation must be handled confidential. They may not be displayed or discussed with anyone else unless allowed by the Editor-in-Chief.

4. Standards of objectivity

The review process of the INVEST Journal of Sharia and Economic Law strictly adheres to the principle of objectivity. Personal attacks against authors were strictly prohibited. Reviewers are expected to provide clear and constructive feedback and present their opinions with adequate supporting evidence to substantiate their evaluations.

5. Acknowledgment of sources

The reviewer should help locate relevant published materials that the author has not referenced. References must support previously published claims, observations, derivations, or arguments. Reviewers should also draw the attention of the Associate Editors (AEs) to any significant similarities or overlaps between the article under consideration and other publication data for which they have personal knowledge.

6. Disclosure and conflict of interest

Confidential information or ideas received through peer reviews must be kept confidential and not exploited for personal benefit. Reviewers should avoid examining the papers in which they compete, collaborate, or have other ties or affiliations with the author, company, or institution to which the paper was submitted.

Duties of authors

1. Reporting standards

The authors presenting the original research findings must include an accurate description of the work performed and an impartial evaluation. The underlying data have been appropriately reflected in the manuscript. This study must provide sufficient information and references to allow others to reproduce the work. Deliberately, deceptive or false statements have been declared unethical and should be avoided.

2. Originality and Plagiarism

The authors must ensure that the manuscript is unique. If Authors use the work and words of others, they must refer to or quote them.

To check the possibility of plagiarism, it uses the Turnitin application, which must be below 25% plagiarism (excluding Quotes and Bibliografi). Plagiarism includes:

  • The author uses the names of the other authors (precisely) without mentioning the source.
  • The authors used the ideas of others without giving enough recognition (without mentioning the source expressly).
  • The author is acknowledged as the author of the paperwork by other authors.

Multiple, redundant, or concurrent publications and papers discussing the same research results may not have been published in more than one journal or other publications by the same author. Simultaneous submission of the same article to more than one publication is an unethical and inappropriate publishing activity.

In this regard, if it is known that this kind of practice exists by the author, then the author will automatically be included in the blocklist category in the Invest Journal of Sharia and Economic Law.

3. Acknowledgment of sources

The authors are required to give credit for the recognition of the work of others. The authors must also refer to publications that have appropriately and correctly influenced the character of the research presented. In the Invest Journal of Sharia and Economic Law, the authors must use one of the reference management tools (zotero/endnote/Mendeley).

4. Authorship of a manuscript

Authorship should be limited to individuals who have contributed significantly to the study's ideas, designs, implementations, or interpretations. The co-authors should include everyone who makes substantial contributions. Others who contributed to certain substantive areas of the study should be acknowledged and listed in the Acknowledgments section. The relevant author must ensure that the list of manuscript authors includes all acceptable co-authors (as defined above) and no inappropriate co-authors and that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the manuscript and approved its submission for publication.

5. Authorship

The Invest Journal of Sharia and Economic Law follow the criteria for authorship of the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work. Briefly, an author makes a substantial contribution to the design, execution, and/or analysis and interpretation of experiments, in addition to drafting, revising, and/or approving the initial submission and any subsequent version of the article. All authors of this manuscript must have agreed to its submission and were responsible for the appropriate portions of its content. Submission of a paper before all co-authors have read and approved its final version is considered an ethical violation. INVEST will not adjudicate disputes regarding authorship. If a dispute occurred, we referred to this issue as the relevant institution. Changes to authorship require approval from all the authors.

6. Author contributions

As explained in the INVEST recommendations, all persons designated as authors should qualify for authorship, and those who qualify should be listed. The authors may include a statement that specifies the contributors’ roles in a separate paragraph of the Acknowledgments section. INVEST encourages transparency in authorship by publishing author contribution statements that follow the NISO standard and the CRediT taxonomy.

Sample CRediT author statement John Doe: Formulation of ideas, development of methods, and programming. Lisa Smith: Management of data, Writing- Initial manuscript preparation. Michael Brown: Illustration, Examination. Jane Davis: Oversight. Alex Johnson: Programming, Verification. Sarah Williams: Writing- Revising and Refining.

7. Corresponding authors

The corresponding author must be designated for all submitted manuscripts. The corresponding author is the primary point of contact for communication with the journal office, and is responsible for ensuring compliance with all INVEST journal policies. The corresponding author must ensure that all authors agree on the author list and contributions and that all authors have seen and approved the manuscript prior to submission and final publication. The corresponding author is responsible for providing timely responses to queries regarding the paper or the reagents therein.

If more than one co-first author is designated, the authors are required to state how the order of the names was decided as an additional footnote on the title page. Some examples follow.

  • Pat Armstrong and Sulim Garg contributed equally to this work. Author order was determined alphabetically to increase seniority.
  • Attila Toth and Emmon Desmonds contributed equally to this study. The author’s order was determined by drawing straws.

For more information, please see the  Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines regarding authorship.

8. Disclosure and conflicts of interest

Any conflict of interest, whether of a financial or substantial nature, that could be deemed to influence the findings or interpretation of the authors in the paper must be disclosed by all authors in their submission. All funding sources for this project have been stated.

9. Declaration of generative AI in scientific writing

The guidance below only refers to the writing process and not to the use of AI tools to analyze and draw insights from data as part of the research process.

When authors use generative artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process, they should only use these technologies to improve readability and language. Applying the technology should be done with human oversight and control, and the authors should carefully review and edit the results, as AI can generate an authoritative-sounding output that can be incorrect, incomplete, or biased. AI- and AI-assisted technologies should not be listed as authors, co-authors, or cited as authors. Authorship refers to responsibilities and tasks that can only be attributed to and performed by humans, as outlined in the Invest AI Policy for Authors.

In their manuscript, the authors should disclose the use of AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process by following the instructions below. This statement was made in a previous study. Please note that the authors are responsible for the content of this work.

Artificial Intelligence-Generated Content Artificial Intelligence Generated Content Tools (AIGC), such as ChatGPT and others based on large language models (LLM), are deemed incapable of conducting original research without the direction of human authors. Nor can they be held liable for published work or research designs, which are generally accepted requirements of authorship, nor can they have the legal standing or ability to hold or assign copyrights? Therefore, this tool cannot fulfill its role or be registered as the author of an article.

If an author has used such a tool to develop any part of the manuscript, its use should be described, in a transparent and detailed manner, in the “Methods” or “Acknowledgments” section. The author is solely responsible for the accuracy of any information provided by this tool, and for properly referencing any supporting work on which the information depends. Tools used to correct spelling, grammar, and general editing are not included in the scope of this guide.

The authors must disclose the use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process by adding a statement at the end of their manuscript in the core manuscript file before the reference list. The statement should be placed in a new section entitled ‘Declaration of Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process.’

Statement: During the preparation of this work, the author(s) used [NAME TOOL/SERVICE] in [REASON]. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and took (s) full responsibility for the content of the publication.

This declaration does not apply to the use of basic tools for checking grammar, spelling, or references. If there are nothing to disclose, there is no need to add a statement.

Fundamental errors in published works

When an author discovers errors or inaccuracies in his published work, the is responsible for contacting the Editor-in-Chief of the journal or publisher as soon as possible and collaborating with them to withdraw the manuscript or issue an appropriate erratum policy under the Crossmark Policy.

Publisher’s confirmation

In situations of suspected or proven scientific errors, publishing fraud, or plagiarism, Fakultas Syariah, IAIN Ponorogo, Indonesia. will take all the necessary steps to explain the problem and revise the article in question in close consultation with the Editor-in-Chief. This situation necessitates the application of one of the provisions in the Invest Journal of Sharia & Economic Law journal's Crossmark Policy, or the revocation of defective work in its entirety in an impossible situation.

In its publishing programs, Fakultas Syariah, IAIN Ponorogo, Indonesia. The Invest Journal of Sharia and Economic Law does not discriminate based on age, color, religion, creed, handicap, marital status, veteran status, national origin, race, gender, genetic predisposition, carrier status, or sexual orientation.

Research Misconduct & Ethical Issues

The INVEST Journal of Sharia and Economic Law upholds a strict ethical policy to ensure that scholarly works published in our journal meet high-quality standards. Our publication ethics and malpractice statements were guided by the principles and guidelines developed by the Publication Ethics Committee. Our team of editors applied a rigorous peer review process to ensure that publications met ethical standards and made valuable contributions to the field.

Despite our best efforts, instances of plagiarism, data falsification/falsification, image manipulation, multiple submissions/publications, over-publication, inappropriate authorship credit, undeclared conflicts of interest (CoI), and ethical issues may occur. In the INVEST Journal of Sharia and Economic Law, we take such publishing ethics issues very seriously and have a zero-tolerance policy. Our editors are trained to handle such cases with due diligence and with great care.

Researchers are expected to conduct their research in accordance with the codes of ethics and best practices prescribed by professional and regulatory bodies at national and international levels, from the inception of the research proposal to the publication of the findings. However, if a journal detects any potential ethical issues or research violations, researchers can refer to the guidelines that will help them deal with the situation effectively and mitigate the potential consequences of violating the code of conduct.

Authors who wish to publish their papers in the INVEST Journal of Sharia and Economic Law must adhere to the following requirements.

  • The research findings should be presented accurately, and the authors should include an objective discussion of the significance of their findings.
  • Sufficient details regarding the data and methods used in the research should be provided to enable other researchers to replicate the work.
  • The authors should store the raw data publicly before submitting the manuscript. They should have raw data available for presentation to referees and journal editors upon request. In addition, appropriate steps must be taken to ensure the full retention of the raw data for a reasonable time after publication.
  • Manuscripts cannot be simultaneously submitted to more than one journal.
  • Republishing content that is not new is not allowed. For example, English translations of papers published in other languages may not be accepted.
  • Authors should inform journal editors immediately if they find any errors or inaccuracies in the published paper so that appropriate action can be taken.
  • Manuscripts should not contain any information that has already been published. If previously published figures or images are included, the necessary permission must be obtained from the copyright holder to publish under CC-BY license. For more information, see the Copyright and License pages.
  • Plagiarism, data falsification, and image manipulation were strictly prohibited.
  • If text is copied from another source, it must be between quotation marks and the source must be acknowledged. If previous works have inspired the research design, structure, or language of the manuscript, they should be explicitly cited.
  • Manuscripts may be rejected if plagiarism is detected during the peer review process. If plagiarism is detected after publication, the manuscript will be corrected or retracted.
  • Image files must not be manipulated or adjusted in any way, which can lead to misinterpretation of the information provided by the original image.
  • Irregular manipulations include 1) introducing, enhancing, moving, or removing features from the original images; 2) grouping images that should be presented separately, such as from different parts of the same gel or different gels; or 3) modifying contrast, brightness, or color balance to obscure, remove, or enhance information.
  • Manuscripts may be rejected if irregular image manipulations are identified and confirmed during the peer review process. If an irregular image manipulation is identified and confirmed after publication, the manuscript may be corrected or retracted.

Our internal editors will thoroughly investigate any claims of publication misconduct and contact the author's institution or funder, if deemed necessary. If evidence of misconduct is found, appropriate action will be taken to correct or retract the publication.

Below are some fundamental ethical issues that have been defined and outlined.

1. Data Fabrication/Data Falsification

Data fabrication and falsification are two forms of research misconduct that violate the integrity of research. Data fabrication refers to the deliberate invention of research results, whereas data falsification involves the manipulation of research data to produce a false impression or hide inappropriate results. This can include modifying images, such as micrographs, gels, or radiology images; removing outliers; changing or removing data points; or adding data that were not collected.

2. Image Manipulation

While the authors may make technical adjustments to improve the readability of an image, such adjustments should only include adjusting the contrast, brightness, or color balance of the entire digital image and not of specific sections. Any technical manipulations must be disclosed in the cover letter submitted to the manuscript. Improper technical manipulation, which involves blurring, enhancing, removing, or introducing new elements into an image, is not allowed. If the journal has concerns about an image, it may request original data from the author. Additional information on digital images and errors, image manipulation, and quick checking of scientific images are available.

3. Duplicate and Redundant Publications

Duplicate submissions occurred when the same research study was submitted to multiple journals for publication. This can occur simultaneously or over a long period. In contrast, redundant publication involves dividing one study into several parts and submitting them to different journals or publishing the findings of a previously reported study without proper cross-referencing, justification, or permission. Overpublication also includes self-plagiarism, a common and often unintentional practice. Therefore, it is important for authors to be transparent about their previous publications. Translations without proper permission or notification, as well as resubmissions of previously published open-access articles, were also considered multiple submissions.

4. Plagiarism

The INVEST Journal of Sharia and Economic Law strictly prohibits plagiarism. Plagiarism occurs when someone presents someone else's work, including theory, text, or data, as their own, without acknowledging the original source. To prevent plagiarism, please read the Ethical Writing Guidelines, which provide helpful tips on avoiding it.

5. Authorship Issues

Authorship issues can arise when someone is listed as an author without their knowledge, or when someone has contributed significantly to a research article but is not recognized as an author. To ensure proper authorship, it is advisable to follow the guidelines provided by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors and Committee on Publication Ethics. For detailed authorship policies, please refer to the Authorship Policy page of Trends in Scholarly Publishing.

6. Undeclared Conflict of Interest

Undeclared Conflict of Interest refers to situations in which authors or reviewers have financial or personal interests that could compromise or influence their professional judgment and objectivity. To avoid potential bias, the authors and reviewers are required to disclose any conflicts of interest related to the work under consideration, including financial or personal relationships that could interfere with the interpretation of the work.

7. Ethical Approval

This covers issues of patient consent, animal experiments, and research that lack ethical approval.