The Grey Areas
Notary Liability and Intern Supervision in Indonesian Legal Practice
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21154/invest.v4i2.10048Keywords:
Notary Responsibility, Legal Protection, Notary Intern, Supervision, Ethical TrainingAbstract
This study examines the legal responsibilities and protections for notaries supervising interns in Indonesia, focusing on potential violations and the challenges posed by the differing legal statuses of interns and permanent staff. Employing a normative juridical method with statute and conceptual approaches, this research analyzes Article 16A of Law Number 2 of 2014 on Notary Position, which mandates supervisory duties for notaries but lacks clarity on liability boundaries. The absence of detailed regulations exposes notaries to legal and reputational risks as they may face litigation for interns' misconduct. Inconsistent internship practices across notarial offices further complicates this issue. This study highlights practical challenges, such as managing interns' access to sensitive client information and maintaining confidentiality. These challenges are exacerbated by interns' status as trainees rather than employees, which limits the supervising notary's control and accountability. These findings underscore the need for explicit guidelines to protect notaries from unintended liability while ensuring effective mentorship. Recommendations include implementing specific regulations on supervision, mandatory ethics training for interns, and limited access to protocols. Collaboration with professional associations to establish best practices and maintain a balance between legal responsibilities and training quality is advised. This study contributes to the understanding of professional responsibility in the notarial profession and highlights the importance of clear legal frameworks to support supervisors and maintain public trust.
References
Avellone, Frank G. ‘The State of State Student Practice: Proposals for Reforming Ohio’s Legal Internship Rule’. Ohio NUL Rev. 17 (1990): 13.
Baird, Brian N., and Debra Mollen. The Internship, Practicum, and Field Placement Handbook: A Guide for the Helping Professions. 9th ed. New York: Routledge, 2023. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003325697.
Ban, Andreea-Romana, Arina-Florenta Modrea, and Bogdan Bucur. ‘Mentoring in the Context of Academic Work: Responsibility and Accountability’, 526–35. Springer, 2023.
Beddoe, Liz, and Allyson Davys. Challenges in Professional Supervision: Current Themes and Models for Practice. Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2016.
Blanco, Barbara A, and Sande L Buhai. ‘Externship Field Supervision: Effective Techniques for Training Supervisors and Students’. Clinical L. Rev. 10 (2003): 611.
Davys, Allyson, and Liz Beddoe. Best Practice in Professional Supervision: A Guide for the Helping Professions. Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2020.
Dearmon, Valorie, and BC NEA. ‘Risk Management and Legal Issues’. Management and Leadership for Nurse Administrators. 6th Ed. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning 586 (2013).
Falender, Carol, Rodney Goodyear, Changming Duan, Fatima Al-Darmaki, Keeyeon Bang, Ayşe Çiftçi, Verónica Ruiz González, Maria del Pilar Grazioso, Majeda Humeidan, and Xiaoming Jia. ‘Lens on International Clinical Supervision: Lessons Learned from a Cross-National Comparison of Supervision’. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy 51 (2021): 181–89.
Faulconbridge, James R, and Daniel Muzio. ‘Legal Education, Globalization, and Cultures of Professional Practice’. Geo. J. Legal Ethics 22 (2009): 1335.
Feinman, Jay M. ‘Professional Liability to Third Parties’. American Bar Association, 2000.
Givelber, Daniel J, Brook K Baker, John McDevitt, and Robyn Miliano. ‘Learning through Work: An Empirical Study of Legal Internship’. J. Legal Educ. 45 (1995): 1.
Hazard Jr, Geoffrey C, and Ted Schneyer. ‘Regulatory Controls on Large Law Firms: A Comparative Perspective’. Ariz. L. Rev. 44 (2002): 593.
Janosik, Steven M, and Joan B Hirt. ‘LEGAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES1’. Learning through Supervised Practice in Student Affairs, 2013, 133.
Kaslow, Nadine J, Nancy J Rubin, Linda Forrest, Nancy S Elman, Barbara A Van Horne, Sue C Jacobs, Steven K Huprich, Sherry A Benton, Victor F Pantesco, and Stephen J Dollinger. ‘Recognizing, Assessing, and Intervening with Problems of Professional Competence.’ Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 38, no. 5 (2007): 479.
Ladany, Nicholas, Yoko Mori, and Kristin E Mehr. ‘Effective and Ineffective Supervision’. The Counseling Psychologist 41, no. 1 (2013): 28–47.
Lattas, Dimitra, Cindy Davis, and Catherine Creamer. ‘Global Forensic Social Work Education: A Cross-National Comparison of Education Models in 10 Countries’. International Social Work 67, no. 5 (September 2024): 1195–1210. https://doi.org/10.1177/00208728231214133.
Maher, Stephen T. ‘The Praise of Folly: A Defense of Practice Supervision in Clinical Legal Education’. Neb. L. Rev. 69 (1990): 537.
Mann, Sandra T, and Matthew Merced. ‘Preparing for Entry-Level Practice in Supervision.’ Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 49, no. 1 (2018): 98.
McNamara, Judith. ‘The Challenge of Assessing Student Capabilities in Legal Internship’, 377–6. Australian Collaborative Education Network (ACEN), 2008.
Morrissey, Jean. ‘Training Supervision: Professional and Ethical Considerations’. In The Handbook of Professional Ethical and Research Practice for Psychologists, Counsellors, Psychotherapists and Psychiatrists, 232–45. Routledge, 2020.
Odlin, Denis, Maureen Benson-Rea, and Bridgette Sullivan-Taylor. ‘Student Internships and Work Placements: Approaches to Risk Management in Higher Education’. Higher Education 83, no. 6 (2022): 1409–29.
Petrin, Martin. ‘Curious Case of Directors’ and Officers’ Liability for Supervision and Management: Exploring the Intersection of Corporate and Tort Law, The’. Am. UL Rev. 59 (2009): 1661.
Reamer, Frederic G. ‘Social Workers’ Management of Error: Ethical and Risk Management Issues’. Families in Society 89, no. 1 (2008): 61–68.
Rosenbloom, David H., and Helena K. Rene. ‘Shrinking Constitutional Tort Accountability: Developments in the Law and Implications for Professional Responsibility’. Public Performance & Management Review 40, no. 2 (November 2016): 235–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2016.1177561.
Shepherd, Lisa, Stephanie Chilton, and Sayra M. Cristancho. ‘Residents, Responsibility, and Error: How Residents Learn to Navigate the Intersection’. Academic Medicine 98, no. 8 (August 2023): 934–40. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000005267.
Victoria, Argo. ‘Comparative Study of Legal Requirements for Being A Notary and Duties & Authority of A Notary in Indonesia and Malaysia’, 2023.
Wheeler, Anne Marie, and Burt Bertram. The Counselor and the Law: A Guide to Legal and Ethical Practice. John Wiley & Sons, 2019.
Wiener, Antje. ‘The Dual Quality of Norms and Governance beyond the State: Sociological and Normative Approaches to “Interaction”’. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 10, no. 1 (March 2007): 47–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230601122412.
Zepeda, Sally J. ‘High Stakes Supervision: We Must Do More’. International Journal of Leadership in Education 9, no. 1 (January 2006): 61–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603120500448154.
Zer-Gutman, Limor, and Eli Wald. ‘Is the Legal Profession Too Independent?’ Marq. L. Rev. 105 (2021): 341.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Selma Nabila, Hanif Nur Widhiyanti , Diah Aju Wisnuwardhani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
An author who publishes in the Invest Journal of Sharia & Economic Law agrees to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).