Corruption In Morocco-A Sectorial Analysis
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Abstract
Corruption, a pervasive socio-economic problem, has a significant impact on Morocco, reflecting a global challenge that undermines trust in public institutions and hinders development. This phenomenon, often defined as the abuse of public power for private gain, results in widespread citizen distrust of their government and public institutions. Recognizing the critical need to address this issue, Morocco has implemented various strategies and reforms at the institutional and civil society levels to combat corruption. Our study aims to provide a sectoral analysis of corruption in Morocco, assessing the prevalence of corrupt practices and the effectiveness of anti-corruption measures put in place. Using a descriptive methodology, our research relies on secondary data from various databases, including Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) from 2004 to 2023. This index provides a longitudinal perspective on how perceptions of corruption have evolved in Morocco over the years and serves as a key indicator of the effectiveness of anti-corruption efforts. Our findings indicate that despite these efforts, corruption remains entrenched in several sectors, suggesting that the strategies adopted have not yet succeeded in significantly changing the corruption landscape. This analysis underscores the complexity of fighting corruption in Morocco and highlights the need for continued efforts and innovative strategies to effectively address this endemic problem.
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Igbida, I., & Essaid, T. (2024). Corruption In Morocco-A Sectorial Analysis. Invest Journal of Sharia & Economic Law, 4(1), 21-45. https://doi.org/10.21154/invest.v4i1.8473
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———. ‘The Politics of Morocco’s" Fight against Corruption"’. Middle East Policy 7, no. 2 (2000): 165–89.
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Sabella, Mariangeles. ‘Strengthening World Bank Group Engagement on Governance and Anticorruption: One-Year Progress Report’, 2008.
Schwab, Klaus, and Nicholas Davis. Shaping the Future of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Currency, 2018.
Šimelytė, Agnė. ‘Promotion of Renewable Energy in Morocco’. In Energy Transformation Towards Sustainability, 249–87. Elsevier, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817688-7.00013-6.
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Transparency.org. ‘2023 Corruption Perceptions Index: Explore the Results.’ Transparency International., 30 January 2024. https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2023.
Transparency.org. ‘Corruption Perception Index 2004’. Transparency International, 2 June 2020. https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2004.
———. ‘Corruption Perception Index 2005’. Transparency International, 2 June 2020. https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2005.
———. ‘Corruption Perception Index 2014’. Transparency International, 2 June 2020. https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2014.
Wei, Shang-Jin. ‘How Taxing Is Corruption on International Investors?’ Review of Economics and Statistics 82, no. 1 (2000): 1–11.
WJP Rule of Law Index. ‘The Global Rule of Law Recession Continues’, 2023. https://worldjusticeproject.org/rule-of-law-index/.
World Bank. ‘The World Bank in Morocco/Overview’, 15 November 2023. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/morocco/overview.
Ait Bouchgour, Taoufik. ‘La Marocanisation Des Banques Au Maroc: Esquisse d’une Histoire Économique Du Temps Présent’, 2022.
Al Kurdi, Osama F. ‘A Critical Comparative Review of Emergency and Disaster Management in the Arab World’. Journal of Business and Socio-Economic Development 1, no. 1 (17 June 2021): 24–46. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBSED-02-2021-0021.
Ali Aga, Leila, and Patrick Villieu. ‘Évasion Fiscale et Croissance: Un Cadre Théorique Simple’. Revue Française d’économie 31, no. 2 (2016): 27–57.
Bauer, Marcus. ‘Public Anticorruption in Morocco and Tunisia: A Comparative Study’, 2019.
Becker, Gary S. ‘Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach’. Journal of Political Economy 76, no. 2 (1968): 169–217.
Bouderbala, Négib. ‘La Lutte Contre La Corruption: Le Cas Du Maroc’. Critique Économique, no. 4 (2000).
Buchanan, James M, and Robert D Tollison. The Theory of Public Choice--II. University of Michigan Press, 1984.
Denoeux, Guilain P. ‘Corruption in Morocco: Old Forces, New Dynamics and a Way Forward’. Middle East Policy 14, no. 4 (2007): 134.
———. ‘The Politics of Morocco’s" Fight against Corruption"’. Middle East Policy 7, no. 2 (2000): 165–89.
Du MARoc, RoYAUME. ‘Bulletin Officiel’. Available On-Line at Http://Www. Sgg. Gov. Ma/BO/Bulletin/Fr/2004/BO_5178_fr. Pdf (Last Accessed 16 December 2010), 2017.
El Mesbahi, Kamal. ‘La Prévention de La Corruption Au Maroc, Entre Discours et Réalité’. Pouvoirs, no. 2 (2013): 83–97.
Fink, Hady, and Karen Hussmann. ‘Addressing Corruption through Sector Approaches: Exploring Lessons from the Moroccan Anticorruption Strategy for the Health Sector’. U4 Practice Insight, 2013.
Gill, John. ‘Global Corruption Report: Education’. Canada: Routledge, 2013.
Gozlan, Martine, and David A Andelman. ‘Morocco: In the Kingdom of Illusions’. World Policy Journal 28, no. 3 (2011): 101–12.
Guessous, Hamza. ‘World Economic Forum Ranks Morocco 75th in Competitiveness’. www.moroccoworldnews.com, 19 October 2018. https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2018/10/255718/world-economic-forum-morocco-competitiveness.
Gupta, Sanjeev. ‘Does Corruption Affect Income Inequality and Poverty?’ IMF Working Papers 1998, no. 076 (May 1998): 1. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451849844.001.
Hamilton, Alexander James, and Craig Hammer. ‘Can We Measure the Power of the Grabbing Hand?: A Comparative Analysis of Different Indicators of Corruption’. A Comparative Analysis of Different Indicators of Corruption (January 9, 2018). World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, no. 8299 (2018).
Hibou, Béatrice, and Mohamed Tozy. ‘La Lutte Contre La Corruption Au Maroc : Vers Une Pluralisation Des Modes de Gouvernement ?’: Droit et Société n° 72, no. 2 (29 September 2009): 339–57. https://doi.org/10.3917/drs.072.0339.
Hope Sr, Kempe Ronald. ‘The Corruption Problem in Swaziland: Consequences and Some Aspects of Policy to Combat It’. Journal of Developing Societies 32, no. 2 (2016): 130–58.
Houdret, Annabelle, and Astrid Harnisch. ‘Decentralisation in Morocco: A Solution to the “Arab Spring”?’ The Journal of North African Studies 24, no. 6 (2 November 2019): 935–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2018.1457958.
Huntington, Samuel P. Political Order in Changing Societies. Yale university press, 2006.
Klitgaard, Robert. Controlling Corruption. Univ of California Press, 1991.
Knack, Stephen. ‘Measuring Corruption: A Critique of Indicators in Eastern Europe and Central Asia’. Journal of Public Policy 27, no. 3 (2007): 255–91.
Kouchad, Issam, and Brahim Dinar. ‘Les Institutions et La Croissance Économique: L’indicateur Doing Business et La Croissance Économique de La Région MENA’. International Journal of Accounting, Finance, Auditing, Management and Economics 1, no. 3 (2020): 298–318.
Lauridsen, Laurids Sandager. ‘Good Governance-A Good Development Strategy?’ In DIIS 2010-2011, 42–43. Institut for Internationale Studier/Dansk Center for Internationale Studier …, 2011.
Leff, Nathaniel H, and Arnold I Heidenheimer. ‘Economie Development Through Bureaucratic Corruption 1’. In Political Corruption, 307–20. Routledge, 2017.
Louargant, Sophie, Emmanuel Matteudi, and Emmanuel Roux. ‘L’action Aménagiste Au Maroc Entre Héritages, Permanences et Bifurcations:’ L’Information Géographique Vol. 75, no. 4 (1 December 2011): 15–38. https://doi.org/10.3917/lig.754.0015.
Madani, Mohamed, Driss Maghraoui, and Saloua Zerhouni. The 2011 Moroccan Constitution: A Critical Analysis. International IDEA Stockholm, 2012.
Osrecki, Fran. ‘Fighting Corruption with Transparent Organizations: Anti-Corruption and Functional Deviance in Organizational Behavior.’ Ephemera: Theory & Politics in Organization 15, no. 2 (2015).
Paracka, Daniel. ‘The Year of Morocco: An Introduction’. Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective 14, no. 2 (2019): 2.
Perrin, Delphine. ‘Country Report: Morocco’, 2011.
‘Présentation de l’Instance Nationale de La Probité de La Prévention et de La Lutte Contre La Corruption’. n.d. https://www.inpplc.ma/fr/Pages/244-presentation-de-linstance-nationale-de-la-probite-de-la-prevention-et-de-la-lutte-contre.
‘Principes d’administration Publique’. OCDE, June 2019. https://www.sigmaweb.org/publications/Prestation-services-administratifs-Maroc-Juin-2019.pdf.
Rose-Ackerman, Susan. Corruption: A Study in Political Economy. Academic press, 2013.
Sabella, Mariangeles. ‘Strengthening World Bank Group Engagement on Governance and Anticorruption: One-Year Progress Report’, 2008.
Schwab, Klaus, and Nicholas Davis. Shaping the Future of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Currency, 2018.
Šimelytė, Agnė. ‘Promotion of Renewable Energy in Morocco’. In Energy Transformation Towards Sustainability, 249–87. Elsevier, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817688-7.00013-6.
Tollison, Robert D. ‘The Rent-Seeking Insight’. In Public Choice Essays in Honor of a Maverick Scholar: Gordon Tullock, 13–28. Springer, 2000.
Transparency International. ‘National Integrity System Study Overview Morocco 2009’. Survey. Transparency International, 7 April 2020. Transparency.org. https://www.transparency.org/en/publications/national-integrity-system-study-overview-morocco-2009.
Transparency.org. ‘2017 Corruption Perceptions Index - Explore the Results’. Transparency International, 20 January 2022. https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2017.
———. ‘2018 Corruption Perceptions Index - Explore the Results’. Transparency International, 20 January 2022. https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2018.
Transparency.org. ‘2023 Corruption Perceptions Index: Explore the Results.’ Transparency International., 30 January 2024. https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2023.
Transparency.org. ‘Corruption Perception Index 2004’. Transparency International, 2 June 2020. https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2004.
———. ‘Corruption Perception Index 2005’. Transparency International, 2 June 2020. https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2005.
———. ‘Corruption Perception Index 2014’. Transparency International, 2 June 2020. https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2014.
Wei, Shang-Jin. ‘How Taxing Is Corruption on International Investors?’ Review of Economics and Statistics 82, no. 1 (2000): 1–11.
WJP Rule of Law Index. ‘The Global Rule of Law Recession Continues’, 2023. https://worldjusticeproject.org/rule-of-law-index/.
World Bank. ‘The World Bank in Morocco/Overview’, 15 November 2023. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/morocco/overview.