Child Passenger Safety in Indonesia

An Analysis of the Need for Specific Seat Belt Regulations

Authors

  • Oos Ariyanto University of Brawijaya
  • Setiawan Noerdajasakti University of Brawijaya
  • Faizin Sulistio University of Brawijaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21154/invest.v4i2.10045

Keywords:

Child safety, child restraint system, traffic law, Indonesia

Abstract

Current Indonesian road safety laws, particularly Law No. 22 of 2009 on Traffic and Road Transport, lack specific provisions for the use of child restraint systems, which significantly reduces child passenger safety. Unlike many developed countries with strict regulations that mandate child-specific safety equipment, Indonesian regulations currently mandate only standard seatbelts designed for adults. This inadequacy poses a substantial risk to children because of their physical vulnerability. This study examines the urgency of specific regulations regarding child safety restraints for child passengers in Indonesia. This research employs a normative legal approach to analyze Indonesia's existing legislation alongside international practices. The findings underscore those countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia have effectively lowered child accident rates through mandatory child safety restraints and public awareness campaigns. The study concludes that adopting similar practices in Indonesia could enhance child passenger safety, reduce injury rates, and improve overall road safety for young passengers. The implementation of specific child restraint laws and public awareness initiatives are recommended to ensure comprehensive legal protection for child passengers in Indonesia.

Author Biography

Faizin Sulistio , University of Brawijaya

The authors declare no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

References

Arbogast, Kristy B., Dennis R. Durbin, Michael J. Kallan, dan Flaura K. Winston. “Evaluation of Pediatric Use Patterns and Performance of Lap Shoulder Belt Systems in the Center Rear.” Annual Proceedings / Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine 48 (2004): 57.

Arbogast, Kristy B., Yoganand Ghati, Rajiv A. Menon, Suzanne Tylko, Nicholas Tamborra, dan Richard M. Morgan. “Field Investigation of Child Restraints in Side Impact Crashes.” Traffic Injury Prevention 6, no. 4 (1 Desember 2005): 351–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389580500255831.

Barss, Peter, Murad Al-Obthani, Abdulla Al-Hammadi, Hamad Al-Shamsi, Mohammed El-Sadig, dan Michal Grivna. “Prevalence and Issues in Non-Use of Safety Belts and Child Restraints in a High-Income Developing Country: Lessons for the Future.” Traffic Injury Prevention 9, no. 3 (28 Mei 2008): 256–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389580802040352.

Bendak, Salaheddine. “Seat Belt Utilization in Saudi Arabia and Its Impact on Road Accident Injuries.” Accident Analysis & Prevention 37, no. 2 (Maret 2005): 367–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2004.10.007.

Bohman, Katarina, Helena Stigson, dan Maria Krafft. “Long-Term Medical Consequences for Child Occupants 0 to 12 Years Injured in Car Crashes.” Traffic Injury Prevention 15, no. 4 (19 Mei 2014): 370–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2013.826799.

Brown, Julie, dan Lynne Bilston. “Child restraint misuse: incorrect and inappropriate use of restraints by children reduces their effectiveness in crashes.” Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety 18, no. 3 (2007): 34–42.

Brown, Julie, Lisa Keay, Kate Hunter, Lynne E. Bilston, Judy M. Simpson, dan Rebecca Ivers. “Increase in Best Practice Child Car Restraint Use for Children Aged 2–5 Years in Low Socioeconomic Areas after Introduction of Mandatory Child Restraint Laws.” Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 37, no. 3 (Juni 2013): 272–77. https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12070.

Chen, Irene G., Dennis R. Durbin, Michael R. Elliott, Teresa Senserrick, dan Flaura K. Winston. “Child Passenger Injury Risk in Motor Vehicle Crashes: A Comparison of Nighttime and Daytime Driving by Teenage and Adult Drivers.” Journal of Safety Research 37, no. 3 (Januari 2006): 299–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2006.01.005.

Desapriya, E., T. Fujiwara, G. Scime, S. Babul, dan I. Pike. “Compulsory Child Restraint Seat Law and Motor Vehicle Child Occupant Deaths and Injuries in Japan 1994–2005.” International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion 15, no. 2 (Juni 2008): 93–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/17457300802080602.

Durbin, Dennis R., Benjamin D. Hoffman, dan COUNCIL ON INJURY, VIOLENCE, AND POISON PREVENTION. “Child Passenger Safety.” Pediatrics 142, no. 5 (November 2018): e20182461. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-2461.

Eichelberger, Angela H., Aline O. Chouinard, dan Jessica S. Jermakian. “Effects of Booster Seat Laws on Injury Risk Among Children in Crashes.” Traffic Injury Prevention 13, no. 6 (November 2012): 631–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2012.660663.

European Commission. “Children - European Commission,” 2020. https://road-safety.transport.ec.europa.eu/eu-road-safety-policy/priorities/safe-road-use/children_en.

García-España, J Felipe, Flaura K Winston, dan Dennis R Durbin. “Safety belt laws and disparities in safety belt use among US high-school drivers.” American journal of public health 102, no. 6 (2012): 1128–34.

Jakobsson, Lotta. “Rearward facing child seats-past, present and future,” 1–11, 2017.

Jermakian, Jessica S., Caitlin M. Locey, Lexie J. Haughey, dan Kristy B. Arbogast. “Lower Extremity Injuries in Children Seated in Forward Facing Child Restraint Systems.” Traffic Injury Prevention 8, no. 2 (7 Mei 2007): 171–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389580601175250.

Joewono, Tri Basuki, dan Hisashi Kubota. “Safety and Security Improvement in Public Transportation Based on Public Perception in Developing Countries.” IATSS Research 30, no. 1 (2006): 86–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0386-1112(14)60159-X.

Kallan, Michael J, Flaura K Winston, dan Mark R Zonfrillo. “Child passenger safety practices and injury risk in crashes with father versus mother drivers.” Injury prevention 20, no. 4 (2014): 272–75.

Kepolisian Republik Indonesia. “Jumlah Korban Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas pada 2022 Meningkat Tajam, Ini Trennya,” 2024. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/transportasi-logistik/statistik/d2c8b42f818a703/jumlah-korban-kecelakaan-lalu-lintas-pada-2022-meningkat-tajam-ini-trennya.

Kitamura, Yuto, Makiko Hayashi, dan Eriko Yagi. “Traffic Problems in Southeast Asia Featuring the Case of Cambodia’s Traffic Accidents Involving Motorcycles.” IATSS Research 42, no. 4 (Desember 2018): 163–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iatssr.2018.11.001.

Liang, Rui, Na Liu, Xi Liu, Xuebang Tang, Yuanzhi Hu, Christophe Bastien, dan Xiang Liu. “Effectiveness Analysis of a Foldable Booster Safety Seat with Integrated Seatbelt Buckle for Reducing Children’s Vehicle Accident Injury Risk.” International Journal of Crashworthiness 28, no. 6 (2 November 2023): 822–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/13588265.2022.2130623.

Lindsey, Duncan. The welfare of children. Oxford University Press, USA, 2004.

Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Kencana, 2014.

———. Penghantar Ilmu Hukum. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2008.

Mohan, Dinesh. “Traffic Safety: Rights and Obligations.” Accident Analysis & Prevention 128 (Juli 2019): 159–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2019.04.010.

Nakahara, Shinji, Masao Ichikawa, dan Yukari Nakajima. “Effects of Increasing Child Restraint Use in Reducing Occupant Injuries Among Children Aged 0–5 Years in Japan.” Traffic Injury Prevention 16, no. 1 (2 Januari 2015): 55–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2014.897698.

NHTSA. “NHTSA | National Highway Traffic Safety Administration,” 2023. https://www.nhtsa.gov/.

Oglesbee, Scott J., Katherine R. Schafer, Matthew P. Kadish, Ronald Orozco, Zefr Chao, dan Robert E. Sapién. “A Cross-Sectional Geographic Information Systems Study of a Pediatric Emergency Department Child Restraint System Distribution Program.” Journal of Emergency Nursing 48, no. 3 (Mei 2022): 278–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2022.02.002.

O’Neill, Brian, dan Dinesh Mohan. “Preventing Motor Vehicle Crash Injuries and Deaths: Science vs. Folklore Lessons from History.” International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion 27, no. 1 (2 Januari 2020): 3–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/17457300.2019.1694043.

Pascal, Elizabeth. “Welfare rights in state constitutions.” Rutgers LJ 39 (2007): 863.

Suarez-del Fueyo, Rocio, Mirko Junge, Francisco Lopez-Valdes, H. Clay Gabler, Lucas Woerner, dan Stefan Hiermaier. “Cluster Analysis of Seriously Injured Occupants in Motor Vehicle Crashes.” Accident Analysis & Prevention 151 (Maret 2021): 105787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2020.105787.

Susilo, Yusak O., Tri Basuki Joewono, dan Upali Vandebona. “Reasons Underlying Behaviour of Motorcyclists Disregarding Traffic Regulations in Urban Areas of Indonesia.” Accident Analysis & Prevention 75 (Februari 2015): 272–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2014.12.016.

Task Force on Community Preventive Services. “Recommendations to Reduce Injuries to Motor Vehicle Occupants.” American Journal of Preventive Medicine 21, no. 4 (November 2001): 16–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(01)00380-4.

WHO. “Global status report on road safety 2023,” 2023. https://www.who.int/teams/social-determinants-of-health/safety-and-mobility/global-status-report-on-road-safety-2023.

Whyte, Tom, Nicholas Kent, Lynne E. Bilston, dan Julie Brown. “Comparative Performance of Rearward and Forward-Facing Child Restraint Systems with Common Use Errors: Effect on Crash Injury Risk for a 1-Year-Old Occupant.” Traffic Injury Prevention 23, no. 2 (17 Februari 2022): 91–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2021.2012168.

Yellman, Merissa A, Bethany West, dan David A Sleet. “Motor Vehicle Crashes, Injuries, and Deaths: Epidemiology and Prevention.” Dalam Lifestyle Medicine, Fourth Edition, 1347–61. CRC Press, 2024.

Downloads

Published

2024-12-29

How to Cite

Ariyanto, O., Noerdajasakti , S., & Sulistio , F. (2024). Child Passenger Safety in Indonesia: An Analysis of the Need for Specific Seat Belt Regulations. Invest Journal of Sharia & Economic Law, 4(2), 317–337. https://doi.org/10.21154/invest.v4i2.10045

Issue

Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Oos Ariyanto, Setiawan Noerdajasakti , Faizin Sulistio

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

An author who publishes in the Invest Journal of Sharia & Economic Law agrees to the following terms:

  • Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).