Generative AI Policies

When authors use generative artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process, they should only use these technologies to improve readability and language. Applying the technology should be done with human oversight and control, and the authors should carefully review and edit the results, as AI can generate an authoritative-sounding output that can be incorrect, incomplete, or biased.

AI- and AI-assisted technologies should not be listed as authors, co-authors, or cited as authors. Authorship refers to responsibilities and tasks that can only be attributed to and performed by humans, as outlined in the Invest AI Policy for Authors.

Artificial Intelligence-Generated Content Tools (AIGC), such as ChatGPT and others based on large language models (LLM), are deemed incapable of conducting original research without the direction of human authors.

Nor can they be held liable for published work or research designs, which are generally accepted requirements of authorship, nor can they have the legal standing or ability to hold or assign copyrights. Therefore, this tool cannot fulfill its role or be registered as the author of an article.

If an author has used such a tool to develop any part of the manuscript, its use should be described, in a transparent and detailed manner, in the “Methods” or “Acknowledgments” section. The author is solely responsible for the accuracy of any information provided by this tool, and for properly referencing any supporting work on which the information depends.

The authors must disclose the use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process by adding a statement at the end of their manuscript in the core manuscript file before the reference list. The statement should be placed in a new section entitled: ‘Declaration of Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process.’