TAHAPAN J.BRUNER DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA PADA PENJUMLAHAN DAN PENGURANGAN BILANGAN BULAT DI SEKOLAH DASAR (SD/MI)
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Abstract
Teaching is not only changing one's behavior but more importantly it function to change the school curriculum on such a way that students can learn easily and optimally. It is essential to take an action to improve the students’ ability in math based on their own nature development, particularly in primary schools level. This can be gained by creating the students active participation and regarding their diversity of as conveyed by J. Bruner. In order to improve the quality of learning process, it is necessary to set up a convenience environment known as "discovery learning environment" that is an environment where learners can explore, invent new knowledge, or discover similar to those already known. There are three stages of learning according to J. Bruner, such as enactive, iconic and symbolic stages. The learning process will be gained optimally if the students are involved in enactive stage, and then if this phase of learning is well-achieved, students learn to switch to the second stage by employing the iconic representation mode. Lastly, learning activities are preceded to the third stage, which is the learning phase by using the mode of symbolic representation. By implementation those three learning objectives, it is expected that the process of learning mathematics can achieve the intended goals.
ليس الهدف من التعليم التغيير في سلوك الطالب فحسب. بل التغيير في المنهج الدراسي كذلك، وهذا ليدرس الطالب أكثر وأسهل. المحاولات لتوفير الفرص للطلاب ليتقدموا سريعا وفقا بقدراته في المادة الخاصة ( خاصة في المرحلة الابتدائية) ، هذا بالاهتمام نحو اشتراكهم في التعليم والتعرف على خصائص الطلاب كما يقوله ج برونر. ولترقية عملية التعليم يحتاج المدرس إلى بيئة (Discovery learning environment ( وهي البيئة التي بها يستطيع الطالب توسيع معلوماته والقدرة على الابداعات أو المفاهيم المساوية لما هو معلوم لهم. وبالنظر إلى أن ثمة 3 مراحل في التعليم كما ذكره ج برونر هي إينكتيف و إيكونك و سيمبولك ، فعملية التعليم سينجح إذا بدئ بمرحلة إيكونيك ثمّ المرحلة الثانية وهكذا. وتطبيق هذه المراحل في العملية التعليمية خاصة مادة الرياضيات يرجى منه الحصول على الأهداف من التعليم.
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