The Role of Friendship in Percy Jackson and the Olympians TV Series
A Lacanian Psychoanalytic Study of Identity and Emotional Development
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21154/eltall.v6i2.11578Keywords:
Emotional Development, Friendship, Identity Formation, Lacanian Psychoanalysis, TV SeriesAbstract
This study explores the role of friendship in shaping the psychological development of the main character in the Percy Jackson and the Olympians TV series through the lens of Lacan’s psychoanalytic theory. The research aims to examine how Percy’s relationships, particularly with the main character’s friends, contribute to identity formation and emotional growth. This study adopts a qualitative and thematic textual analysis approach, guided by Lacanian psychoanalytic theory. The data collection involved close reading and repeated viewing of key episodes. By applying Lacan’s key concepts, including the Mirror Stage, desire, lack (manque), and the triadic orders of the Imaginary, the Symbolic, and the Real, this study analyzes how the series portrays friendship as a vital medium through which the main character navigates his sense of self and subjectivity. The findings suggest that friendship functions not only as emotional support but also as a reflective structure that drives the main character’s evolving identity. The Symbolic becomes central when friendships provide moral language and social recognition, especially through Annabeth’s and Grover’s dialogue. Moreover, the study reveals that the series subverts conventional heroic narratives by emphasizing psychological depth and emotional dependency, positioning friendship as central to the hero’s journey. This analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of how contemporary screen adaptations can integrate psychoanalytic dimensions into character development.
References
Akbar, R., Iskarna, T., & Taum, Y. Y. (2024). The subject of melancholia in Toer’s Bumi Manusia: Lacan’s psychoanalytic study. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation, 7(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2024.7.1.1
Alkurdi, S., & Majdoubeh, A. (2021). Bicultural identity formation in American multicultural young adult literature: A study in Cofer’s Call Me Maria. Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences, 48(2). https://archives.ju.edu.jo/index.php/hum/article/view/109314
Artamevia, A. (2024). A Psychoanalysis of The Main Characters Aladdin and Jasmine in The Aladdin Movie ( 2019 ) A Psychoanalysis Of The Main Characters Aladdin And Jasmine In The Aladdin Movie ( 2019 ). 2019, 435–444. https://doi.org/10.30605/25409190.743
Branje, S. (2022). Adolescent identity development in context. Current Opinion in Psychology, 45, 101286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.11.006
Branje, S., de Moor, E. L., Spitzer, J., & Becht, A. I. (2021). Dynamics of Identity Development in Adolescence: A Decade in Review. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 31(4), 908–927. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12678
Brown, B. B., & Larson, J. (2009). Peer relationships in adolescence. In R. M. Lerner & L. Steinberg (Eds.), Handbook of adolescent psychology: Contextual influences on adolescent development (3rd ed., pp. 74–103). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470479193.adlpsy002004
Bukowski, W. M., Laursen, B., & Rubin, K. H. (Eds.). (2018). Handbook of peer interactions, relationships, and groups (2nd ed.). The Guilford Press.
Cocks, N. (2023). On the Tolerance of Children’s Literature Criticism: Psychoanalysis, Neighborliness, and Pooh. Humanities (Switzerland), 12(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/h12030045
Fink, B. (2017). The Lacanian subject: Between language and jouissance. Princeton University Press.
Guo, L., & Ge, Z. (2019). A Lacanian Psychoanalysis Interpretation of Jeannette Walls in The Glass Castle. Saudi Journal of Engineering and Technology Abbreviated Key Title: Saudi J Eng Technol, 6272, 133–138. https://www.saudijournals.com/media/articles/SJEAT-44-133-138-c.pdf
Hapsari, A. G. S. (2023). Three orders analysis: The influence of maternal bond to characters’ self-identification in J. M. Barrie’s Peter Pan (Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Negeri Semarang).
Krome, C. (2024). The role of mythology in prosocial behavior in Percy Jackson and the Olympians series by Rick Riordan. In M. Weigel & L. Hughes (Eds.), Questing through the Riordanverse: Studying religion with the works of Rick Riordan (pp. 59–70).
Lacan, J. (2001). Écrits: A selection (A. Sheridan, Trans.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003059486
Lacan, J., Fink, B., & Grigg, R. (2006). Écrits: The first complete edition in English (B. Fink, Trans.). W. W. Norton & Company.
Leighton, A. (2014). Re-discovering mythology: Adaptation and appropriation in the Percy Jackson and the Olympians saga. Mousaion, 32(2), 60–73. https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC166207
Kadwa, M. S., & Alshenqeeti, H. https://doi.org/10.32996/ijllt
Meziane, Y. (2022). The impact of Greek mythology on Rick Riordan's Percy Jackson and the Olympians: The Lightning Thief and The Sea of Monsters implying the Jungian theory (Master’s thesis University of Biskra).
Paljuši, M. (2022). Genres in Rick Riordan’s Percy Jackson & the Olympians Series. (Master's thesis, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Teacher Education). https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:147:152292
Prayuda, V. A., & Merawati, F. (2025). Self identity of the main character of Archie the RedCat’s Sri Asih webtoon: A literature study. Journal of Language and Literature Studies, 5(1), 185–195. https://doi.org/10.36312/jolls.v5i1.2607
Riordan, R. (2023). Percy Jackson and the Olympians [TV series]. Disney+.
Smit, J. (2020). How Fantasy Speaks to Adolescent Readers : The Development of Gender Equity , Heroism and Imperfection , and Good and Evil from an Exploration into Rick Riordan ’ s Percy Jackson & the Olympians and Heroes of Olympus Series. Study and Scrunity: Research in Young Adult Literature, 4(1), 52–76. https://doi.org/10.15763/issn.2376-5275.2020.4.1.52-76
Žižek, S. (2006). How to read Lacan. W. W. Norton.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 ELTALL: English Language Teaching, Applied Linguistic and Literature

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in ELTALL (English Language Teaching, Applied Linguistics, and Literature Journal) are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Under this license, authors and readers are free to:
- Share. copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt. remix, transform, and build upon the material
Under the following terms:
- Attribution. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- Non-Commercial. You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
Notices:
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
- No additional restrictions. You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
For the full legal code of the license, please visit: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/











